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Perioperative Adverse Events in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Use of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation: Key Topics and Clinical Implications

  • Chapter
Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common public health care problem and, yet, the perioperative management of OSA remains inadequate. Patients affected by this condition are prone to early postoperative complications, in part due to the negative effects of sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic agents on pharyngeal tone and arousal responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and obstruction. The use of opioids may also contribute to late adverse events, mainly by suppressing the rapid eye movement phase of sleep. As a result, preoperative screening of patients at high risk of OSA, as well as the implementation of a perioperative strategy to reduce the risk of complications, should lead to early perioperative interventions capable of improving patient outcome. The objective of this chapter is to give the reader an overview of the treatment of patients with OSA or at high risk for OSA in the surgical setting and to find a possible role for noninvasive ventilation to prevent critical respiratory events.

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  1. Critical Care Medicine Department, “Città della salute e della scienza” Hospital, Torino, Italy

    C. Gregoretti

  2. “S. Maugeri” Foundation, IRCCS, Dept Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Scientific Institute of Veruno (NO), Veruno, Italy

    A. Braghiroli

  3. National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology “A. Monroy”, Palermo, Italy

    G. Insalaco

  4. Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesiology, Analgesia, Emergency and Intensive Care, Policlinico “P. Giaccone,” University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    A. Cortegiani

  5. Emergency Department, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, “G.B. Morgagni” Hospital, Forlì, Italy

    R. Corso

Authors
  1. C. Gregoretti
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  2. A. Braghiroli
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  3. G. Insalaco
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  4. A. Cortegiani
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  5. R. Corso
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Gregoretti .

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  1. Murcia, Spain

    Antonio M. Esquinas

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Gregoretti, C., Braghiroli, A., Insalaco, G., Cortegiani, A., Corso, R. (2016). Perioperative Adverse Events in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Use of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation: Key Topics and Clinical Implications. In: Esquinas, A. (eds) Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21653-9_63

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21653-9_63

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21652-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21653-9

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