Abstract
Lichens are complex miniature ecosystems that comprise a fungal partner, the mycobiont, and an algal and/or cyanobacterial partner, the photobiont. Lichens have been extensively used for the colors and secondary metabolites they produce, with more than 1000 reported compounds, mostly belonging to the polyketide chemical family. Studying lichens is challenging because of their slow growth rate and the difficulty of reconstituting their ecosystem under controlled conditions. While lichen secondary metabolites are well characterized for their biological activities, their functions in the establishment and survival of the ecosystem are poorly documented. In the last decade of the genomic era, only a few mycobiont genomes have been sequenced, yet they have revealed the presence of an abundance of diverse polyketide pathways that will likely give rise to a host of novel compounds. The use of heterologous expression in recent years to elucidate lichen secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways is still in its infancy but is opening up a new era in which many new lichen-specific compounds will be discovered. The elucidation of new lichen biosynthetic pathways, together with progress in reconstituting lichen ecosystems, is leading to exciting times where it will be possible to characterize the roles lichen secondary metabolites play in these unique ecosystems.
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Gill, H., Sorensen, J.L., Collemare, J. (2023). Lichen Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Progress in the Genomic Era Toward Ecological Roles in the Interaction. In: Scott, B., Mesarich, C. (eds) Plant Relationships. The Mycota, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_7
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