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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biotechnology

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Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology

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Abstract

The term vaccination (Vacca meaning cow) came into existence with the discovery of smallpox vaccine by Edward Jenner and involves utilization of material like live avirulent microbes, attenuated microbes, peptides, and recently also nucleic acids. The history of vaccination goes back to the eighteenth century, but it was not until the twentieth century that it became possible to make immunological marker-based vaccines. The twenty-first century came with its own challenges like vaccine development for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions and compromised immune function and opportunities in vaccine development like edible vaccines, nano-particle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, CRISPR based vaccines. Most recently in this field, an RNA-based vaccine for SARS CoV-2 has revolutionized and re-oriented the area of vaccination technology with hopes for vaccine development for previously uncurable conditions like many forms of cancer looming over the horizon. This chapter describes in detail different types of vaccines, technology behind their synthesis, use of plants, animals, and microbes in vaccination technology, and utilization of vaccination technology in immunization against various diseases with examples. The chapter also focuses on the molecular basis of diagnostic biotechnology, with focus on use of antibodies in molecular diagnosis and therapy.

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  1. Ashvinder Raina and Vignesh Villingiri contributed equally to this work and they are co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Ashvinder Raina

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Vignesh Villingiri & Syed Abdul Qadir

  3. School of Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India

    Shafqat Jehan

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  1. Ashvinder Raina
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  4. Syed Abdul Qadir
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  1. Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Mumtaz Anwar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Wachemo University, Hosaena, Ethiopia

    Riyaz Ahmad Rather

  3. Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Zeenat Farooq

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Raina, A., Villingiri, V., Jehan, S., Qadir, S.A. (2022). Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biotechnology. In: Anwar, M., Ahmad Rather, R., Farooq, Z. (eds) Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98554-7_10

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