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Regulation of CXCR4 Expression by Taurine in Macrophage-Like Cells

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Taurine 12

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1370))

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Abstract

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free β-amino acid found at high concentrations in many mammalian tissues. Taurine plays a role in several essential biological processes, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and osmoregulation. However, its regulatory mechanisms, especially at the genetic and molecular levels, have not been elucidated. Here, we targeted immune-related genes and investigated the effects of taurine on immune-related gene expression in macrophage-like cells. J774.1 cell line was used, and the effect of taurine on mRNA expression of immune-related genes such as cytokines, their receptors, and toll-like receptors was examined. Among these, taurine significantly increased the mRNA levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), chemokine receptor. Furthermore, we found that the taurine-induced increase in CXCR4 mRNA levels was higher than that in CXCR2 mRNA levels. Taurine increased both mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCR4. Additionally, we examined the effects of taurine analogs, including hypotaurine, β-alanine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). While GABA increased the mRNA expression of CXCR4, hypotaurine slightly increased this expression, and β-alanine had no effect, although these taurine analogs are the substrates of taurine transporter. These findings demonstrate that taurine specifically affects CXCR4 mRNA expression in macrophage-like cells.

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Abbreviations

AMPK :

Adenosine monophosphate kinase

CXCL :

C-X-C chemokine ligand

CXCR :

C-X-C chemokine receptor

DSS :

Dextran sulfate sodium

GABA :

γ-aminobutyric acid

GAT :

GABA transporter

IL :

Interleukin

MIP-2 :

Macrophage inflammatory protein-2

NAFLD :

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

TAUT :

Taurine transporter

TLR :

Toll-like receptor

TXNIP :

Thioredoxin-interacting protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan

    Hideo Satsu, Midori Fukumura & Kenji Watari

Authors
  1. Hideo Satsu
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  2. Midori Fukumura
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  3. Kenji Watari
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hideo Satsu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA

    Stephen W. Schaffer

  2. Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, New York, NY, USA

    Abdeslem El Idrissi

  3. Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, Japan

    Shigeru Murakami

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Satsu, H., Fukumura, M., Watari, K. (2022). Regulation of CXCR4 Expression by Taurine in Macrophage-Like Cells. In: Schaffer, S.W., El Idrissi, A., Murakami, S. (eds) Taurine 12. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1370. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_4

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