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Biomechanics of Acromioclavicular Joint Injury and Repair

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Orthopaedic Biomechanics in Sports Medicine

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Abstract

The kinematics and biomechanics of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint in relation to its investing ligamentous structures and dynamic stabilizers to allow physiologic motion of the upper extremity with respect to the torso have been widely investigated. The acromioclavicular ligamentous complex (ACLC) including the deltotrapezial fascia and the individual coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments have been identified as important stabilizers against horizontal, vertical, and rotational forces. Investigations into these anatomic structures and their role in providing stability have prompted biomechanical investigations of various repair techniques, in attempts to identify surgical constructs that best replicate the native anatomy, motion, and stability. Over the years, acromioclavicular joint injuries have been repaired with a significant variety of techniques and devices, with more recent techniques favoring anatomic reconstructions of the individual CC ligaments and ACLC using natural and/or synthetic materials. This chapter serves to discuss the biomechanical implications of AC joint anatomy and injury and how the various treatment options and their respective biomechanical investigations have advanced our understanding of this pathology to better our patients.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors LeVasseur M.R., DiCosmo M.B., Kakazu R., and Berthold D.P. declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Mazzocca A.D. reports research grants and is a consultant for Arthrex, Inc.

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No funding has been provided from any agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors to complete this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA

    Matthew R. LeVasseur, Michael B. DiCosmo, Rafael Kakazu, Augustus D. Mazzocca & Daniel P. Berthold

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Daniel P. Berthold

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  1. Matthew R. LeVasseur
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  2. Michael B. DiCosmo
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  3. Rafael Kakazu
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  4. Augustus D. Mazzocca
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  5. Daniel P. Berthold
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Correspondence to Matthew R. LeVasseur .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Orthopaedic & Spine Institute, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Skokie, IL, USA

    Jason Koh

  2. IRCCS – Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute – 2nd Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Stefano Zaffagnini

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan

    Ryosuke Kuroda

  4. Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Trigoria, Rome, Italy

    Umile Giuseppe Longo

  5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic & Spine Institute, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA

    Farid Amirouche

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LeVasseur, M.R., DiCosmo, M.B., Kakazu, R., Mazzocca, A.D., Berthold, D.P. (2021). Biomechanics of Acromioclavicular Joint Injury and Repair. In: Koh, J., Zaffagnini, S., Kuroda, R., Longo, U.G., Amirouche, F. (eds) Orthopaedic Biomechanics in Sports Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81549-3_14

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