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Bladder Pain Syndrome: Interstitial Cystitis

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Female Genitourinary and Pelvic Floor Reconstruction

Abstract

Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a terminology that reflects how little is known about the disease, or diseases, that are characterized by pain, localized to the bladder or systemic, associated with urological and non-urological symptoms. Historically it was associated to an intense pain-bladder inflammation and to pathognomonic bladder ulcerations justifying the name IC. It is now clear that BPS/IC may progress without inflammatory changes in the bladder wall, justifying the term BPS. Etiology is unknown and no biomarkers have been identified to support the diagnosis. Thus, the exclusion of confoundable diseases remains a fundamental step in the diagnostic workup of BPS/IC. Cure for BPS/IC is not yet known.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Hospital São João, I3S Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, Porto, Portugal

    Francisco Cruz, Rui Pinto & Pedro Abreu Mendes

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  1. Francisco Cruz
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  2. Rui Pinto
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  3. Pedro Abreu Mendes
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  1. University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Francisco E. Martins

  2. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Henriette Veiby Holm

  3. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Jaspreet Sandhu

  4. Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Kurt A McCammon

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Cruz, F., Pinto, R., Mendes, P.A. (2023). Bladder Pain Syndrome: Interstitial Cystitis. In: Martins, F.E., Holm, H.V., Sandhu, J., McCammon, K.A. (eds) Female Genitourinary and Pelvic Floor Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71112-2_54-1

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