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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Breeding Strategies for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops

Abstract

The cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family. The origin of tomato plant traces back to the Andean Region in South America, where wild types are still growing in their natural habitat. Tomatoes went through stages of domestication before it was discovered by the European expeditions in the sixteenth century and introduced to the Old World as an ornamental plant. Today, tomatoes are cultivated and consumed worldwide, either fresh or processed. The total world production of tomatoes in 2018 reached more than 182 million mt, steadily rising annually in consumption. The genomic characteristics and growth habits of tomato have made it a model in plant research with an increasing interest in breeding and development of molecular tools for crop improvement. The main breeding objectives of tomato are fruit yield, quality and resistance to biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic environmental factors. Traditional breeding of tomato is based on gene transfer from wild tomato relatives into modern cultivars. This chapter describes the origin and domestication of tomatoes. Traditional breeding strategies, such as mass selection, pedigree and hybridization methods and use of molecular markers are used to construct linkage maps. Biotic resistance and abiotic tolerance strategies are reviewed and the contributing role of biotechnology in generating new tomato cultivars through mutagenesis and the role of biotechnology and transgenic approaches are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the editors for inviting us to contribute a chapter on tomato biotic and abiotic breeding in this book. We thank Dr. M. N Sattar, King Faisal University for helping to design Figs. 10.3 and 10.4.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Adel Rezk

  2. Department of Virus and Phytoplasma, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt

    Adel Rezk

  3. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Abhary & Abdullah Akhkha

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Correspondence to Adel Rezk .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Tomato

Institution name

Specialization

Address

Contact information and website

California Tomato Research Institute (CTRI)

Processing tomato crop production

Vegetable Crops Research & Information Center - University of California, Davis, California, USA

zach@tomatonet.org

https://tomatonet.org/ContactUs

Tomato Genetic Cooperative

Tomato genetic resources

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA

https://tgc.ifas.ufl.edu/

Department of Tomato and Self Pollinated Vegetable Crops Research

Tomato breeding research

Agriculture research center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

abdo@claes.sci.eg

hortinst@yahoo.com

http://www.hortinstitute.com/

Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC)

Crops and vegetable research and development

60 Yi- Min Liao; PO Box 42 , 741 Shanhua, Tainan, China

avrdcbox@netra.avrdc.org.tw

http://www.avrdc.org.tw/

ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research

Production and pest management of vegetables and tomato

Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake, Bangalore 560 089, India

https://iihr.res.in/tomato-varieties

atic.iihr@icar.gov.in

Faculty of Agronomy at University of San Carlos of Guatemala

Breeding of tomato, potato and medicinal plants. Crossing and evaluation of segregating populations and tomato breeding lines are carried out annually

Faculty of Agronomy at University of San Carlos, Guatemala

http://www.usac.edu.gt/

TOMATECH

Focusing exclusively on the development of innovative, superior quality, hybrid tomatoes

Calle Zurbano, 23 - PISO 1 DR, Madrid, 28010 , Madrid, S.L. Spain

https://www.tomatech.com/team-2-4-2/

maury@tomatech.es

1.2 Appendix II: Genetic Resources of Tomato

Cultivar

Important traits

Reference

Image

Image source

Plum tomato

Deep red color, oval or cylindrical in shape, fewer locules than round tomatoes semi-determinate its market varieties are Roma VF and San Marzano. Grown for sauce and packing purposes. Resistant to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt, early blight

https://www.deruiterseeds.com/en-no/tomato/plum.html

http://www.gradinamea.ro/Tomato_3262_574_1.html

Better Boy

Deep red color, round, medium or large in size, maturity from 70–80 days, grown for sauce purposes. indeterminate, resistant to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt and root knot nematode

Tomato - Vegetable Directory - Watch Your Garden Grow - University of Illinois Extension. urbanext.illinois.edu. Retrieved 22 June 2018

CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=99259

Celebrity

Deep red color, large firm fruit, round, determinate, maturity 70 days, hybrid, grown for sauce purposes, crack resistant, resistant to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt, root knot nematode and TMV

https://njaes.rutgers.edu/tomato-varieties/variety.php?Celebrity

By © 2005 User:FoeNyx - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=115428

Moneymaker

Red color, firm fruit, round tomato, greenhouse tomato, indeterminate, maturity 75–80 days, grown for sauce purposes, popular cash crop for farmers, and it is a favorite of home gardeners, highly heat tolerant, 113–170 g fruits

T&M Seeds online shop entry for Tomato Moneymaker. Retrieved 2011-03-07

http://www.reimerseeds.com/tomato_1162.aspx

Mountain Pride

Deep red color, round tomato, determinant hybrid, grown for sauce purposes, juicy flavor perfect for serving fresh or cooking, crack resistant, grown for sauce, Fusarium and Verticillium tolerant, maturity days 77 days, 227–283 g fruits

https://cloversgarden.com/products/mountain-pride-tomato-plants

https://cloversgarden.com/products/mountain-pride-tomato-plants

Big Beef

Deep red color, round, large fruits, indeterminate hybrid, maturity days 70–80 days, Grown for sauce purposes, resistant to Fusarium wilt races 1 and 2, Verticillium wilt, Alternaria stem canker, nematodes, gray leaf spot and TMV, outstanding taste fruits

Selecting tomatoes for the Home Garden. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Retrieved 4 September 2012

https://bonnieplants.com/product/big-beef-tomato/

Adoration

Red color, small fruits 28–57 g, round, cocktail tomato, indeterminate, maturity days 70–80 days, resistant to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt and TMV

Enza Zaden - Adoration. Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2011-11-15

By Roseridge1 at English Wikipedia - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26733320

Enchantment

Red color, small fruit 3 oz, firm flesh, indeterminate hybrid, slicing shape, maturity days 70–80 days, resistant to Fusarium wilt races 1 and 2, Verticillium wilt and nematodes

Enchantment. Agricultural Experiment Station. Rutgers University. Retrieved 4 September 2012

https://njaes.rutgers.edu/tomatovarieties/variety.php?Enchantment

Giulietta F1

Red color, large fruit and plum shape, extremely juicy and delicious with a high yield, ideal for greenhouses and outdoors. maturity days 70–80 days, resistant to Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, Alternaria stem canker, nematodes and TMV

https://www.dobies.co.uk/Garden/Vegetables/Vegetable-Seeds/All-Vegetable-Seeds/Tomato-Seeds%2D%2D-Giulietta-F1_439074.htm

https://www.dobies.co.uk/Garden/Vegetables/Vegetable-Seeds/All-Vegetable-Seeds/Tomato-Seeds%2D%2D-Giulietta-F1_439074.htm

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Rezk, A., Abhary, M., Akhkha, A. (2021). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Breeding Strategies for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. In: Al-Khayri, J.M., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66961-4_10

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