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Physiological and Molecular Responses to Salinity Due to Excessive Na+ in Plants

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Harsh Environment and Plant Resilience

Abstract

Salinity due to excessive sodium ions in plants is amongst one such abiotic stresses that are severely hampering crop productivity. Most plants are severely affected by excess sodium ions in soil. This abiotic stress creates relatively more problems in plants belonging to glycophytes group than the ones to halophytes group by interrupting their physiological and molecular processes. Salt-stress-affected plants have reduced water content and decreased photosynthesis rate. Increase in solute accumulation, hormonal imbalance, ionic imbalance, etc., are some of the physiological responses in plants exposed to salt-stress condition. Salt stress also augments other ionic, osmotic and secondary stresses in plants. This in turn causes more losses in productivity and more severe impact on plant growth. Adaptation by plants to this stress is possible via salt-avoidance mechanism or salt-tolerance mechanism which is particularly seen in plants belonging to halophyte group. Furthermore, several genes are known to be expressed in plants to tolerate salt-stress condition by regulating the transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. This chapter describes several physiological and molecular responses in plants exposed to salt stress, when sodium ions are more in soil. Moreover, salt oversensitive signalling pathway and tolerance mechanism of halophytes under salt-stress condition have also been illustrated in the chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR – Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India

    Varucha Misra & A. K. Mall

  2. Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India

    Mohammad Israil Ansari

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  1. Varucha Misra
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  2. A. K. Mall
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  3. Mohammad Israil Ansari
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Correspondence to Mohammad Israil Ansari .

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  1. Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, Ethiopia

    Azamal Husen

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Misra, V., Mall, A.K., Ansari, M.I. (2021). Physiological and Molecular Responses to Salinity Due to Excessive Na+ in Plants. In: Husen, A. (eds) Harsh Environment and Plant Resilience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65912-7_11

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