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Fractionation, Characterization, and Valorization of Lignin Derived from Engineered Plants

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Emerging Technologies for Biorefineries, Biofuels, and Value-Added Commodities

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Abstract

There is an urgent need to address the societal and sustainability challenges in the food, energy, and water (FEW) nexus at the global level. Research on improving the efficiency and sustainability of lignocellulosic conversion technologies and development of biomass feedstocks that are amenable to pretreatments has become a focus of the research community over the past few years. Genetic manipulation of lignin is a promising approach to generate biomass feedstocks with favorable properties. However, it is relatively unexplored in the area of understanding the effects of lignin modification on fractionation, characterization, and upgrading of lignin streams from engineered biomass feedstocks. There is a knowledge gap in linking the chemical complexity of lignin with its biological, spatial, and functional deposition with respect to how to separate and utilize the feedstock in a biorefinery. This knowledge is necessary for development of lignin-engineered plants and downstream processing technologies. This review recapitulates recent progress in lignin genetic modification and the leading technologies to fractionate and characterize lignin streams. Possible lignin valorization pathways including oxidative and reductive catalysis, electrocatalysis, and biological upgrading, in particular for use with engineered biomass feedstocks, are also discussed. Challenges and the outlook for future development are also briefly reviewed.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1355438 and 1632854 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch-Multistate project under accession number 1018315 and the Sustainability Challenge Area grant under accession number 1015068 for supporting this work.

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  1. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Enshi Liu, Wenqi Li, Sue E. Nokes & Jian Shi

  2. Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

    Seth DeBolt

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  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China

    Zhi-Hua Liu

  2. Chemical & Bio-molecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    Art Ragauskas

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Liu, E., Li, W., DeBolt, S., Nokes, S.E., Shi, J. (2021). Fractionation, Characterization, and Valorization of Lignin Derived from Engineered Plants. In: Liu, ZH., Ragauskas, A. (eds) Emerging Technologies for Biorefineries, Biofuels, and Value-Added Commodities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65584-6_11

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