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Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammatory States

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Essentials of Blood Product Management in Anesthesia Practice

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Abstract

Endothelial cells are metabolically active structures lining the inner layer of blood vessels, lymphatic organs and the heart. They have autocrine and paracrine functions and produce various metabolites/substances responsible for vasomotor tone, vessel wall integrity, immunologic processes, pro-coagulation and anti-coagulation homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) can be characterized by an abnormality in the physical integrity and/or the functional process of the endothelium which may result in alteration in vasoreactivity, leading to increased propensity for thrombus/plaque formation, leukocyte adhesion with inflammatory changes. ED leads to pathologic conditions such as peripheral vascular disease, cerebral vascular accident, venous thrombosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and neoplasm. This chapter will review Endothelial dysfunction (ED) focusing on the impact it has on perioperative patients and highlighting anesthetic considerations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Department of Anesthesiology, Richmond, VA, USA

    Samuel Chijioke Onyewu, Alice Tolbert Coombs & Fatoumata Kromah

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  1. Samuel Chijioke Onyewu
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  2. Alice Tolbert Coombs
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  3. Fatoumata Kromah
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Correspondence to Fatoumata Kromah .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, New York, NY, USA

    Corey S. Scher

  2. Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University School of Medicine-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA

    Alan David Kaye

  3. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

    Henry Liu

  4. NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Seth Perelman

  5. NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, New York, NY, USA

    Sarah Leavitt

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Onyewu, S.C., Coombs, A.T., Kromah, F. (2021). Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammatory States. In: Scher, C.S., Kaye, A.D., Liu, H., Perelman, S., Leavitt, S. (eds) Essentials of Blood Product Management in Anesthesia Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59295-0_22

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