Abstract
The mafic back-arc volcanism, uncommon in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone, is represented in the Puna region by late Miocene to Quaternary small monogenetic to polygenetic cinder cones and lava flows, as isolated or poorly clustered centers of basaltic andesitic to andesitic composition. Maars, tuff rings, and domes are also usual. This volcanism has a reduced representation in relation to the voluminous silicic ignimbrites and andesitic–dacitic stratovolcanoes that characterize the region. The scoria cones have moderate to low maximum slopes <20º and are <100 m high and 300–1300 m in diameter, common subcircular. Most lava flows were erupted from boccas at the scoria cone base or from the crater and reach length up to 3 km. These centers are concentrated along distensive and strike-slip faults (NW–SE, E–W, NE–SW) that favored magma ascent. Their facies and architecture are consistent with eruptions mainly Strombolian, with brief periods of lava fountaining and hydrovolcanism, the latter usually restricted to the early stages of cone construction. In Northern Puna this volcanism, Late Miocene–Early Pliocene, is represented by basaltic andesites to andesites, high-K calc-alkaline with minor shoshonites. In Southern Puna this volcanism, active till Holocene, is represented by basalts and basaltic trachyandesites belonging in equal measure to calc-alkaline and within-plate groups.
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Coira, B.L.L., Cisterna, C. (2021). Monogenetic to Polygenetic Mafic Volcanism. In: Textures, Structures and Processes of Volcanic Successions. Springer Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52010-6_4
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