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Hepatitis A and Other Viral Infections

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Liver Immunology

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Abstract

Viral-mediated liver injury can result from infections with the classic hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis A through E, or by other viruses. In the present chapter, we review the immune-based pathogenesis and liver-related manifestations of hepatitis A virus as well as several additional viruses that affect the liver including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human herpesviruses (HHV 6, 7, and 8), human parvovirus B19, adenoviruses, and influenza virus. The clinical presentations range from mild and transient elevation of aminotransferases to severe chronic liver disease and liver failure. These viruses should be considered as possible etiologic agents in patients who manifest liver injury and whose serologic markers for the classic hepatotropic viruses are negative.

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Abbreviations

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

HAV:

Hepatitis A virus

HHV:

Human herpesvirus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

IM:

Infectious mononucleosis

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PTLD:

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder

VZV:

Varicella-zoster virus

XLP:

X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

    Yuval Ishay & Yaron Ilan

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  1. Yuval Ishay
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  2. Yaron Ilan
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Correspondence to Yaron Ilan .

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  1. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA

    M. Eric Gershwin

  2. Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    John M. Vierling

  3. Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan

    Atsushi Tanaka

  4. President, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Michael P. Manns

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Ishay, Y., Ilan, Y. (2020). Hepatitis A and Other Viral Infections. In: Gershwin, M.E., M. Vierling, J., Tanaka, A., P. Manns, M. (eds) Liver Immunology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51709-0_15

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