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Sustainable Synthesis of Greener Nanomaterials: Principles, Processes, and Products

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  • First Online:
Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

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Abstract

The evolution of nanotechnology has revolutionized every industrial sector. The cumulative market share of all types of nanomaterials is expected to cross $10 billion mark by 2020. The most of nanomaterial synthesis relies on lithography, milling, etching, vapor deposition, sol-gel, precipitation, pyrolysis, solvothermal, mechanochemistry, ultrasound, microwave irradiation, and chemical reduction which are energy-, labor-, and cost-intensive. Current improvements in nanoscience are inducted by environmentally friendly methods for the synthesis of novel nanomaterials, known as “greener nanotechnology.” Greener nanotechnology works on 12 principles of green chemistry for nanoparticle synthesis in a safer, energy-efficient, and less toxic manner. The new greener methods utilize the biological properties in nature and gain energy from photochemistry and metabolic reactions of algae, plants, bacteria, fungi, and viruses for nanomaterial formulation. Biological/greener synthesis of nanomaterial depends on microorganisms, exotic proteins, enzymes, or highly specific biomolecules and biomineralizing organisms that enable accumulation of minerals within the cell as nanoparticles and govern the formation of nanostructures extracellularly. Besides conventional nanomaterials like inorganic metal oxides, the advanced method also enables the formulation of the nanomaterials with vitamins, sugars, plant polyphenols, and agricultural waste residues. Greener synthesis approach is advantageous over chemical and physical route, but it also has to answer for some challenges including controlling the shape, size, and other properties of nanomaterials and their scale-up strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

    Devarajan Thangadurai

  2. Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

    Lokeshkumar Prakash & Muniswamy David

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, India

    Jeyabalan Sangeetha

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Maan, Jordan

    Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha

  5. Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Saher Islam

  6. Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria

    Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

  7. Nutrition and Toxicological Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria

    Juliana Bunmi Adetunji

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  1. Devarajan Thangadurai
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  2. Lokeshkumar Prakash
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  3. Jeyabalan Sangeetha
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  5. Muniswamy David
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  6. Saher Islam
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  8. Juliana Bunmi Adetunji
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry Science, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico

    Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova

  2. Instituto de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Leticia Myriam Torres-Martínez

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico

    Boris Ildusovich Kharisov

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Thangadurai, D. et al. (2021). Sustainable Synthesis of Greener Nanomaterials: Principles, Processes, and Products. In: Kharissova, O.V., Torres-Martínez, L.M., Kharisov, B.I. (eds) Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36268-3_30

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