Abstract
Since Alfred Werner published his work on coordination compounds in 1893, much progress has been made regarding this class of materials. Further studies evolved to the coordination polymers, among which the Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which are two- or three-dimensional coordination networks containing potentially empty cavities. Frequently, MOFs are crystalline materials with the coordination units repeating itself in an ordered manner in the structure, thus creating different topologies. However, synthetic parameters (pH, temperature, solvent) directly influence the kinetics and thermodynamics of the nucleation and growth of MOF crystals. In some cases, a material of low crystallinity may be formed, with short-range order. Most authors classify these compounds as Infinite Coordination Polymers (ICPs), Coordination Polymer Particles (CPPs) or Nanoscale Coordination Polymers (NCPs). Although not yet standardized by IUPAC, several articles, including recent review articles, name low-crystalline coordination polymers as ICPs. ICPs can show high tailorability regarding the particle size and morphology. They are usually obtained as micro- or nanoparticles, with spherical (mainly), cubic, rod-like and ring-like morphologies being reported. The major challenge in the study of ICPs lies in the structural elucidation, often performed by single crystal X-ray diffraction in crystalline MOFs. In this chapter, the synthetic routes, formation mechanisms, characterization techniques and potential applications of spherical ICP particles, such as in sensing, light-emitting devices, biomedicine, catalysis, gas sorption and separation, will be discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Batten, S.R., Champness, N.R.: Coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks: materials by design. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 375, 20160032 (2017)
Yaghi, O.M., O’Keeffe, M., Ockwig, N.W., Chae, H.K., Eddaoudi, M., Kim, J.: Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials. Nature 423, 705–714 (2003)
Li, H., Eddaoudi, M., O’Keeffe, M., Yaghi, O.M.: Design and synthesis of an exceptionally stable and highly porous metal-organic framework. Nature 402, 276–279 (1999)
Batten, S.R., Champness, N.R., Chen, X.-M., Garcia-Martinez, J., Kitagawa, S., Öhrström, L., O’Keeffe, M., Paik Suh, M., Reedijk, J.: Terminology of metal–organic frameworks and coordination polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure Appl. Chem. 85, 1715–1724 (2013)
Moghadam, P.Z., Li, A., Wiggin, S.B., Tao, A., Maloney, A.G.P., Wood, P.A., Ward, S.C., Fairen-Jimenez, D.: Development of a Cambridge structural database subset: a collection of metal-organic frameworks for past, present, and future. Chem. Mater. 29, 2618–2625 (2017)
Kitagawa, S., Kitaura, R., Noro, S.I.: Functional porous coordination polymers. Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 43, 2334–2375 (2004)
Batten, S.R., Champness, N.R., Chen, X.-M., Garcia-Martinez, J., Kitagawa, S., Öhrström, L., O’Keeffe, M., Suh, M.P., Reedijk, J.: Coordination polymers, metal–organic frameworks and the need for terminology guidelines. CrystEngComm 14, 3001 (2012)
Eddaoudi, M., Moler, D.B., Li, H., Chen, B., Reineke, T.M., O’Keeffe, M., Yaghi, O.M.: Modular chemistry: secondary building units as a basis for the design of highly porous and robust metal-organic carboxylate frameworks. Acc. Chem. Res. 34, 319–330 (2001)
Seoane, B., Castellanos, S., Dikhtiarenko, A., Kapteijn, F., Gascon, J.: Multi-scale crystal engineering of metal organic frameworks. Coord. Chem. Rev. 307, 147–187 (2015)
Spokoyny, A.M., Kim, D., Sumrein, A., Mirkin, C.A.: Infinite coordination polymer nano- and microparticle structures. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 1218 (2009)
Oh, M., Mirkin, C.A.: Chemically tailorable colloidal particles from infinite coordination polymers. Nature 438, 651–654 (2005)
Mohammadikish, M., Ghanbari, S.: Preparation of monodispersed metal-based infinite coordination polymer nanostructures and their good capability for metal oxide preparation. J. Solid State Chem. 264, 86–90 (2018)
Zhang, R.Z., Quan, S., Xia, M., Wang, Q., Zhang, W., Yang, J.M.: Effect of surface charge status of amorphous porous coordination polymer particles on the adsorption of organic dyes from an aqueous solution. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 525, 54–61 (2018)
Jin, L.N., Liu, Q., Yang, Y., Fu, H.G., Sun, W.Y.: Large-scale preparation of indium-based infinite coordination polymer hierarchical nanostructures and their good capability for water treatment. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 426, 1–8 (2014)
Rieter, W.J., Pott, K.M., Taylor, K.M.L., Lin, W.: Nanoscale coordination polymers for platinum-based anticancer drug delivery. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 11584–11585 (2008)
Liu, D., Huxford, R.C., Lin, W.: Phosphorescent nanoscale coordination polymers as contrast agents for optical imaging. Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 50, 3696–3700 (2011)
D’Aquino, A.I., Kean, Z.S., Mirkin, C.A.: Infinite coordination polymer particles composed of stimuli-responsive coordination complex subunits. Chem. Mater. 29, 10284–10288 (2017)
Wang, Y.M., Yang, Z.R., Xiao, L., Yin, X.B.: Lab-on-MOFs: color-coded multitarget fluorescence detection with white-light emitting metal-organic frameworks under single wavelength excitation. Anal. Chem. 90, 5758–5763 (2018)
Kumar, P., Deep, A., Kim, K.-H., Brown, R.J.C.: Coordination polymers: opportunities and challenges for monitoring volatile organic compounds. Prog. Polym. Sci. 45, 102–118 (2015)
Arroyos, G., Frem, R.C.G.: Rare earth phosphors based on spherical infinite coordination polymers. New J. Chem. 42, 19070–19075 (2018)
Song, X., Ma, Y., Ge, X., Zhou, H., Wang, G., Zhang, H., Tang, X., Zhang, Y.: Europium-based infinite coordination polymer nanospheres as an effective fluorescence probe for phosphate sensing. RSC Adv. 7, 8661–8669 (2017)
Zhong, S.-L., Xu, R., Zhang, L.-F., Qu, W.-G., Gao, G.-Q., Wu, X.-L., Xu, A.-W.: Terbium-based infinite coordination polymer hollow microspheres: preparation and white-light emission. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 16574–16580 (2011)
Li, W.-Z., Zhou, Y., Liu, F., Li, Y., Xia, M.-J., Han, E.-H., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Fu, Y.: Fabrication of monodisperse flower-like coordination polymers (CP) microparticles by spray technique. Nanomaterials 7, 237 (2017)
Bennett, T.D., Cheetham, A.K.: Amorphous metal-organic frameworks. Acc. Chem. Res. 47, 1555–1562 (2014)
Deng, J., Wu, F., Yu, P., Mao, L.: On-site sensors based on infinite coordination polymer nanoparticles: recent progress and future challenge. Appl. Mater. Today 11, 338–351 (2018)
Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., He, S., Xu, Y., Li, G., Ye, B.: Ratiometric fluorescence sensing of mercuric ion based on dye-doped lanthanide coordination polymer particles. Anal. Chim. Acta 1014, 85–90 (2018)
Ou-Yang, J., Li, C.Y., Li, Y.F., Yang, B., Li, S.J.: An infinite coordination polymer nanoparticles-based near-infrared fluorescent probe with high photostability for endogenous alkaline phosphatase in vivo. Sensor Actuat. B-Chem. 255, 3355–3363 (2018)
Wang, Y.M., Liu, W., Yin, X.B.: Self-limiting growth nanoscale coordination polymers for fluorescence and magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 8463–8470 (2016)
Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Wu, S., Liang, H., Xu, H.: Photodegradable coordination polymer particles for light-controlled cargo release. ACS Omega 2, 2536–2543 (2017)
Nouri, R., Abedi, S., Morsali, A.: A novel synthesis route for preparation of tetrazole-based infinite coordination polymers and their application as an efficient catalyst for Michael addition reactions. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 14, 1601–1612 (2017)
Jeon, Y.M., Armatas, G.S., Heo, J., Kanatzidis, M.G., Mirkin, C.A.: Amorphous infinite coordination polymer microparticles: a new class of selective hydrogen storage materials. Adv. Mater. 20, 2105–2110 (2008)
Jeon, Y.M., Armatas, G.S., Kim, D., Kanatzidis, M.G., Mirkin, C.A.: Tröger’s-base-derived infinite co-ordination polymer microparticles. Small 5, 46–50 (2009)
Zhong, S., Jing, H., Li, Y., Yin, S., Zeng, C., Wang, L.: Coordination polymer submicrospheres: fast microwave synthesis and their conversion under different atmospheres. Inorg. Chem. 53, 8278–8286 (2014)
Ma, D., Li, C., Wang, L., Liu, H., Zhong, S., Li, Y.: Preparation of RE2O2SO4 (RE = La, Pr-Lu) microspheres from rare-earth-based infinite coordination polymers. J. Nanopart. Res. 19, 341 (2017)
Paddock, S.W.: Confocal Microscopy: Methods and Protocols, 2nd edn., 381p. Springer Protocols, Hatfield (2014)
Zou, H., Wang, L., Zeng, C., Gao, X., Wang, Q., Zhong, S.: Rare-earth coordination polymer micro/nanomaterials: preparation, properties and applications. Front. Mater. Sci. 12, 324–347 (2018)
Lin, W., Rieter, W.J., Taylor, K.M.L.: Modular synthesis of functional nanoscale coordination polymers. Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 48, 650–658 (2009)
Sun, X., Dong, S., Wang, E.: Coordination-induced formation of submicrometer-scale, monodisperse, spherical colloids of organic-inorganic hybrid materials at room temperature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 13102–13103 (2005)
Yang, M., Shen, Z., Chen, T., Bi, H., Yang, B., Xu, W.: Induced morphology control of Ln–asparagine coordination polymers from the macro to nanoscopic regime in polar solvent–water mixtures. Dalton Trans. 42, 1174–1179 (2013)
Pan, H., Xu, S., Ni, Y.: Rare-earth post-modified Zn-based coordination polymer microspheres: Simple room-temperature preparation, fluorescent performances and application for detection of tryptophane. Sensor Actuat. B-Chem. 283, 731–739 (2019)
Deng, J., Yu, P., Wang, Y., Mao, L.: Real-time ratiometric fluorescent assay for alkaline phosphatase activity with stimulus responsive infinite coordination polymer nanoparticles. Anal. Chem. 87, 3080–3086 (2015)
Mohammadikish, M., Ahmadvand-Akradi, A.: Facile synthesis of novel zinc-based infinite coordination polymer nanoparticles. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 78, 48–51 (2017)
Liu, B., Huang, Y., Shen, Q., Zhu, X., Hao, Y., Qu, P., Xu, M.: Turn-on fluorescence detection of ciprofloxacin in tablets based on lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles. RSC Adv. 6, 100743–100747 (2016)
Jeon, Y.M., Heo, J., Mirkin, C.A.: Dynamic interconversion of amorphous microparticles and crystalline rods in salen-based homochiral infinite coordination polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 7480–7481 (2007)
Deng, J., Shi, G., Zhou, T.: Colorimetric assay for on-the-spot alcoholic strength sensing in spirit samples based on dual-responsive lanthanide coordination polymer particles with ratiometric fluorescence. Anal. Chim. Acta 942, 96–103 (2016)
Xiao, C., Xu, H., Zhong, S.: Au@Eu-based coordination polymers core-shell nanoparticles: photoluminescence and photothermal properties. Mater. Lett. 216, 106–109 (2018)
Tao, P., Zeng, C.H., Zheng, K., Huang, C.Q., Zhong, S.L.: Uniform terbium coordination polymer microspheres: preparation and luminescence. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 26, 1087–1094 (2016)
Liu, R., Shuai, M., Xu, H., Zhong, S.: Uniform Gd-based coordination polymer hollow spheres: synthesis, formation mechanism and upconversion properties. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 28, 137–145 (2018)
Nie, Z.-W., Zeng, C.-H., Xie, G., Zhong, S.-L.: Uniform cerium-based coordination polymer microspheres: preparation and upconversion emission. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16, 3705–3709 (2016)
Hu, X.G., Li, X., Yang, S.I.: Novel photochromic infinite coordination polymer particles derived from a diarylethene photoswitch. Chem. Commun. 51, 10636–10639 (2015)
Chen, W., Li, S., Zeng, C.H., Zhong, S.: Eu-based coordination polymers micro-flowers: preparation and luminescence properties. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 27, 598–604 (2017)
Zhong, S., Ji, Y., Xie, Q., Wang, L., Li, Y., Jeong, J.H.: Coordination polymer nanospheres: preparation, upconversion properties and cytotoxicity study. Mater. Lett. 102–103, 19–21 (2013)
Carné, A., Carbonell, C., Imaz, I., Maspoch, D.: Nanoscale metal–organic materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 291–305 (2011)
Hu, D., Song, Y., Wang, L.: Nanoscale luminescent lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks: properties, synthesis, and applications. J. Nanoparticle Res. 17, 1–21 (2015)
Zhao, D., Wang, L., Li, Y., Zhang, L., Lv, Y., Zhong, S.: Uniform europium-based infinite coordination polymer submicrospheres: fast microwave synthesis and characterization. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 20, 97–100 (2012)
Billinge, S.J.L.: The rise of the X-ray atomic pair distribution function method: a series of fortunate events. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 377, 20180413 (2019)
Thommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A.V., Olivier, J.P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J., Sing, K.S.W.: Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 87, 1051–1069 (2015)
Zhang, X., Wang, W., Hu, Z., Wang, G., Uvdal, K.: Coordination polymers for energy transfer: Preparations, properties, sensing applications, and perspectives. Coord. Chem. Rev. 284, 206–235 (2015)
Cho, W., Lee, H.J., Choi, S., Kim, Y., Oh, M.: Highly effective heterogeneous chemosensors of luminescent silica@coordination polymer core-shell micro-structures for metal ion sensing. Sci Rep 4, 6518 (2014)
Tan, H., Liu, B., Chen, Y.: Lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles for sensing of mercury(II) by photoinduced electron transfer. ACS Nano 6, 10505–10511 (2012)
Gao, N., Zhang, Y., Huang, P., Xiang, Z., Wu, F.Y., Mao, L.: Perturbing tandem energy transfer in luminescent heterobinuclear lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles enables real-time monitoring of release of the anthrax biomarker from bacterial spores. Anal. Chem. 90, 7004–7011 (2018)
Wang, H.S., Bao, W.J., Bin, Ren S., Chen, M., Wang, K., Xia, X.H.: Fluorescent sulfur-tagged europium(III) coordination polymers for monitoring reactive oxygen species. Anal. Chem. 87, 6828–6833 (2015)
Zeng, H.H., Qiu, W.B., Zhang, L., Liang, R.P., Qiu, J.D.: Lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles as an excellent artificial peroxidase for hydrogen peroxide detection. Anal. Chem. 88, 6342–6348 (2016)
Tan, H., Ma, C., Li, Q., Wang, L., Xu, F., Chen, S., Song, Y.: Functionalized lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles for selective sensing of hydrogen peroxide in biological fluids. Analyst 139, 5516–5522 (2014)
Hou, Y.-L., Xu, H., Cheng, R.-R., Zhao, B.: Controlled lanthanide–organic framework nanospheres as reversible and sensitive luminescent sensors for practical applications. Chem. Commun. 51, 6769–6772 (2015)
Tan, H., Zhang, L., Ma, C., Song, Y., Xu, F., Chen, S., Wang, L.: Terbium-based coordination polymer nanoparticles for detection of ciprofloxacin in tablets and biological fluids. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 11791–11796 (2013)
Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Li, G., Ye, B.: Lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles as a turn-on fluorescence sensing platform for simultaneous detection of histidine and cysteine. Analyst 142, 1821–1826 (2017)
SeethaLekshmi, S., Ramya, A.R., Reddy, M.L.P., Varughese, S.: Lanthanide complex-derived white-light emitting solids: a survey on design strategies. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C: Photochem. Rev. 33, 109–131 (2017)
Novio, F., Simmchen, J., Vázquez-Mera, N., Amorín-Ferré, L., Ruiz-Molina, D.: Coordination polymer nanoparticles in medicine. Coord. Chem. Rev. 257, 2839–2847 (2013)
Xing, L., Cao, Y., Che, S.: Synthesis of core-shell coordination polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) for pH-responsive controlled drug release. Chem. Commun. 48, 5995–5997 (2012)
Nishiyabu, R., Hashimoto, N., Cho, T., et al.: Nanoparticles of adaptive supramolecular networks self-assembled from nucleotides and lanthanide ions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 2151–2158 (2009)
Liao, Y., Li, Y., Wang, L., Zhao, Y., Ma, D., Wang, B., Wan, Y., Zhong, S.: Multi-shelled ceria hollow spheres with a tunable shell number and thickness and their superior catalytic activity. Dalton Trans. 46, 1634–1644 (2017)
Mohammadikish, M., Talebi, M.: Rapid production of acid-functionalized in fi nite coordination polymer nanoparticles and their calcination to mineral metal oxide. Powder Technol. 313, 169–174 (2017)
Wei, H., Li, B., Du, Y., Dong, S., Wang, E.: Nucleobase-metal hybrid materials: preparation of submicrometer-scale, spherical colloidal particles of adenine-gold(III) via a supramolecular hierarchical self-assembly approach. Chem. Mater. 19, 2987–2993 (2007)
Park, J.U., Lee, H.J., Cho, W., Jo, C., Oh, M.: Facile synthetic route for thickness and composition tunable hollow metal oxide spheres from silica-templated coordination polymers. Adv. Mater. 23, 3161–3164 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arroyos, G., da Silva, C.M., Frem, R.C.G. (2020). Design and Applications of Spherical Infinite Coordination Polymers (ICPS). In: La Porta, F., Taft, C. (eds) Emerging Research in Science and Engineering Based on Advanced Experimental and Computational Strategies. Engineering Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31403-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31403-3_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-31402-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-31403-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)