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Genetically Engineering Cold Stress-Tolerant Crops: Approaches and Challenges

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Cold Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

Low temperature is a major environmental constraint in high-latitude and high-altitude regions that adversely affects global crop productivity. In response to low-temperature stress, many plant species exhibit various injury symptoms such as chlorosis, necrosis, and growth retardation and ultimately lethality. In contrast, cold stress-tolerant species survive and grow under low temperatures. An incremental improvement in low-temperature stress tolerance is required to develop high-yielding cultivars of crops for enhancing agricultural productivity under low-temperature regimes. Low-temperature stress tolerance is a very complex phenomenon which involves cross talks between different development and stress response regulatory networks. Plants show differential responses toward low-temperature stress which is the result of orchestrated regulation of gene expression mediated by epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. Differential expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes under low temperatures is regulated by inducer of C-repeat binding factor expression (ICE)–CBF transcriptional pathway which is a major regulatory pathway of cold acclimation in diverse plant species. Small noncoding RNAs, viz., micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), play significant role in post-transcriptional gene silencing. Progress in whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing, functional genomics, and QTLs mapping in diverse crops have provided deep insight into the complex mechanisms of cold acclimation and freezing tolerance. Conventional breeding methods showed limited success in improving cold stress tolerance in different crops through interspecific or intergeneric hybridization. This chapter covers recent advances in plant genomics that lead to the identification of various regulatory networks of low-temperature stress tolerance and highlights the progress of genetic engineering approach in designing cold-tolerant and economically important crops.

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Acknowledgments

Rohit Joshi acknowledges the Dr. DS Kothari Postdoctoral Fellowship from the University Grant Commission, Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Rohit Joshi

  2. ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    Balwant Singh

  3. Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Viswanathan Chinnusamy

Authors
  1. Rohit Joshi
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  2. Balwant Singh
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  3. Viswanathan Chinnusamy
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  2. Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    Venura Herath

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Joshi, R., Singh, B., Chinnusamy, V. (2018). Genetically Engineering Cold Stress-Tolerant Crops: Approaches and Challenges. In: Wani, S., Herath, V. (eds) Cold Tolerance in Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01415-5_10

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