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Legumes in Omic Era: Retrospects and Prospects

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Legumes in the Omic Era

Abstract

Legumes are important for nutritional security of humans and livestocks and ecological sustainability of agricultural production systems of the world. The adaptability and productivity of legumes are limited by major biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, there is a crucial need to increase tolerance against various stresses, which is a major challenge in legume improvement programs for enhancing yield. Breeding methods complemented adequately by genomics approaches could lead to simpler and more effective gene-based approach for legume improvement. This requires adequate genomic resources and information for each legume species of economic importance. Major developments made in recent past, like genome sequencing, the “omic” research and bioinformatics have provided scope for utilization of genomic resources for legume improvement. A good progress has been made in genome sequencing of some legumes and this will increase even more due to novel sequencing technologies called next generation sequencing. Since the release of genome sequences of Lotus japonicus, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Cajanus cajan and Cicer arietinum, a number of comprehensive tools such as bioinformatics tools for sequence assembly and functional annotation, microarray platforms for high-throughput gene expression, transformation systems, and large cDNA and gDNA libraries have been developed for important legumes. These tools need to be integrated to understand genome structure and function of legumes. More comprehensive approaches, including quantitative and qualitative analyses of gene expression products are further necessary at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels for better understanding the functioning of genomes and their gene, including their regulatory networks by combining at computational approaches with translational genomics. The progress in omics research will considerably contribute to better understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress and accelerate molecular and transgenic breeding of legumes of economic importance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India

    Sanjeev Gupta Ph.D.

  2. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nagasamy Nadarajan Ph.D.

  3. Cereal Science Graduate Program, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA

    Debjyoti Sen Gupta M.Sc. (Ag.)

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  1. Sanjeev Gupta Ph.D.
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  2. Nagasamy Nadarajan Ph.D.
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  3. Debjyoti Sen Gupta M.Sc. (Ag.)
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Correspondence to Sanjeev Gupta Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjeev Gupta

  2. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nagasamy Nadarajan

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA

    Debjyoti Sen Gupta

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Gupta, S., Nadarajan, N., Gupta, D.S. (2014). Legumes in Omic Era: Retrospects and Prospects. In: Gupta, S., Nadarajan, N., Gupta, D. (eds) Legumes in the Omic Era. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8370-0_1

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