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Effects of Emerging Contaminants on Biodiversity, Community Structure, and Adaptation of River Biota

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Emerging Contaminants in River Ecosystems

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 46))

Abstract

Most river ecosystems are under the joint effects of co-occurring stressors, and attributing the mechanisms by which multiple stressors interact and produce individual and combined effects can be highly complex. This chapter describes the structural and functional responses of the biological communities (biofilms and macroinvertebrates) to different chemical stressors with a special attention to the presence of emerging compounds that become more frequently in the list of co-occurring stressors in rivers. The suitability of different methods (i.e., toxic units and statistical tools) to determine toxicological risk and to establish potential causality of effects on communities has been discussed using Mediterranean basins from the SCARCE project as case study basins.

Literature review shows that emerging contaminants may produce effects at the community level, by means of changes in the survival ratio and reproduction, but also by species interactions (e.g., changes in behavior of predator and prey). A significant reduction of general biodiversity in algae and invertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning (primary production, use of organic matter, feeding rates) has been observed in the studied river basins apparently caused by all stressors operating together. However, the predicted toxic pressure from emerging compounds appears as a determinant factor of the biological responses. The link between biological community responses and chemical stress is complex, and other environmental variables covariate with chemical pollution (e.g., hydrology and nutrient concentrations). To get an appropriate evaluation of the risk related to emerging chemicals in natural conditions, it is necessary considering the role of other environmental perturbations and provides statistical attribution to their potential causation.

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Acknowledgments

The present work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program (project Scarce CSD2009-00065).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Isabel Muñoz & Núria De Castro-Català

  2. Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Travessa 14, 321. Butantã, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil

    Julio C. López-Doval

  3. Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain

    Maja Kuzmanovic & Antoni Ginebreda

  4. Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain

    Sergi Sabater

  5. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici Jaume Casademont, C/ Pic de Peguera, 15, 17003, Girona, Spain

    Sergi Sabater

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  1. Isabel Muñoz
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  2. Julio C. López-Doval
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  4. Maja Kuzmanovic
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  5. Antoni Ginebreda
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  6. Sergi Sabater
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Correspondence to Isabel Muñoz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain

    Mira Petrovic

  2. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain

    Sergi Sabater

  3. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain

    Arturo Elosegi

  4. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain

    Damià Barceló

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Muñoz, I., López-Doval, J.C., De Castro-Català, N., Kuzmanovic, M., Ginebreda, A., Sabater, S. (2015). Effects of Emerging Contaminants on Biodiversity, Community Structure, and Adaptation of River Biota. In: Petrovic, M., Sabater, S., Elosegi, A., Barceló, D. (eds) Emerging Contaminants in River Ecosystems. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 46. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_5013

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