Abstract
Allergies are highly prevalent hypersensitivity responses to usually harmless substances. They are mediated by the immune system which causes pathologic responses such as type I (rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic asthma, atopy) or type IV hypersensitivity (allergic contact dermatitis). The different types of allergy are mediated by effector and memory T cells and, in the case of type I hypersensitivity, B cells. A prerequisite for the activation of these cells of the adaptive immune system is the activation of the innate immune system. The resulting inflammation is essential not only for the initiation but also for the elicitation and maintenance of allergies. Great progress has been made in the elucidation of the cellular and molecular pathomechanisms underlying allergen-induced inflammation. It is now recognized that the innate immune system in concert with tissue stress and damage responses orchestrates inflammation. This should enable the development of novel mechanism-based anti-inflammatory treatment strategies as well as of animal-free in vitro assays for the identification and potency classification of contact allergens.
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Abbreviations
- ACD:
-
Allergic contact dermatitis
- ASC:
-
Apoptotic speck protein
- CHS:
-
Contact hypersensitivity
- DAMPs:
-
Damage-associated molecular patterns
- DNFB:
-
2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene
- FITC:
-
Fluorescein isothiocyanate
- ICD:
-
Irritant contact dermatitis
- ILC:
-
Innate lymphoid cell
- Keap1:
-
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- ko:
-
Knockout
- MAMPs:
-
Microbe-associated molecular patterns
- NLRP:
-
NOD-like receptor protein
- Nrf2:
-
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PAMPs:
-
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- RAG:
-
Recombination activating gene
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- TLR:
-
Toll-like receptor
- TNCB:
-
2,4,6-Trinitrochlorobenzene
- Trm:
-
Tissue-resident memory T cell
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Martin, S.F., Esser, P.R. (2021). Innate Immune Mechanisms in Contact Dermatitis. In: Traidl-Hoffmann, C., Zuberbier, T., Werfel, T. (eds) Allergic Diseases – From Basic Mechanisms to Comprehensive Management and Prevention . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 268. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2021_482
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