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Novel concepts of immune responses to chemicals in allergic contact dermatitis

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Summary

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is caused by chemical-reactive T cells. A prerequisite for their activation is the induction of skin inflammation by contact allergens. This requires the activation of signaling pathways of the innate immune system which are also activated in anti-infectious immune responses. The mechanistic basis of the essential innate inflammatory response to chemical allergens and its implications for pathogenesis, therapy, and immunotoxicology will be discussed in this minireview.

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Abbreviations

ACD:

Allergic contact dermatitis

CHS:

Contact hypersensitivity

CpG-ODN:

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides

DAMP:

Damage-associated molecular pattern

DC:

Dendritic cell

Teff:

Effector T cells

hTLR4:

Human TLR4

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

HAdase:

Hyaluronidase

IL:

Interleukin

IRF:

Interferon regulatory transcription factor

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MI:

Methylisothiazolinone

MyD88:

Myeloid differentiation factor 88

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

NLRP3:

Nod-like receptor protein 3

Oxa:

Oxazolone

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

PMN:

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

STAT4:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TRIF:

TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β

TNCB:

2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center — University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland

    Stefan F. Martin

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  1. Stefan F. Martin
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Correspondence to Stefan F. Martin.

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The author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Martin SF. Novel concepts of immune responses to chemicals in allergic contact dermatitis. Allergo J Int 2016; 25: 1–5 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-016-0090-8

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Martin, S.F. Novel concepts of immune responses to chemicals in allergic contact dermatitis. Allergo J 25, 17–21 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-016-1014-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-016-1014-0

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