Abstract
Prospective elementary teachers’ (N = 148) motivation to participate in whole-class discussions during mathematics content courses for teachers, as expressed in their own words on an open-ended questionnaire, were studied. Results indicated that prospective teachers were motivated by positive utility values for participating (to achieve a short-term goal of learning mathematics or a long-term goal of becoming a teacher), to demonstrate competence (to achieve performance-approach goals), or to help others (to achieve social goals). Negative utility values for participating were expressed by those who preferred to learn through actively listening. Five motivational profiles, as composed of interactions among motivational values, beliefs, goals and self-reported participation practices, were prevalent in this sample. Self-reported variations among participants’ utility values and participation practices suggested that prospective teachers engaged differentially in opportunities to learn to communicate mathematically. Results provide pedagogical learner knowledge for mathematics teacher educators.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 261–271. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261.
Askell-Williams, H., & Lawson, M. (2005). Students’ knowledge about the value of discussions for teaching and learning. Social Psychology of Education, 8, 83–115. doi:10.1007/s11218-004-5489-2.
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117–148. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Barnes, D. (1992). From communication to curriculum. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Bell, B. S., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2002). Goal orientation and ability: Interactive effects on self-efficacy, performance, and knowledge. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 497–505. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.497.
Bong, M. (2001). Between- and within-domain relations of academic motivation among middle and high school students’ self-efficacy, task value, and achievement goals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 23–34. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.23.
Dillon, J. T. (1994). Using discussion in classrooms. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Dweck, C. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. The American Psychologist, 41, 1040–1048. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.41.10.1040.
Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109–132. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153.
Eccles, J. S., Adler, T. F., Futterman, R., Goff, S. B., Kaczala, C. M., Meece, J., & Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives (pp. 75–146). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Elliott, E. S., & Dweck, C. S. (1988). Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(1), 5–12. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.1.5.
Glaser, B. G., & Straus, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine.
Grimmett, P. P., & MacKinnon, A. M. (1992). Craft knowledge and the education of teachers. Review of Research in Education, 18, 385–456.
Harkness, S. S., D’Ambrosio, B., & Morrone, A. S. (2007). Preservice elementary teachers’ voices describe how their teacher motivated them to do mathematics. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 65, 235–254. doi:10.1007/s10649-006-9045-1.
Hulleman, C. S., Durik, A. M., Schweigert, S. A., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2008). Task values, achievement goals, and interest: An integrative analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(2), 398–416. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.100.2.398.
Kazemi, E., & Stipek, D. (2001). Promoting conceptual thinking in four upper-elementary mathematics classrooms. The Elementary School Journal, 102(1), 59–80. doi:10.1086/499693.
Levy, I., Kaplan, A., & Patrick, H. (2004). Early adolescents’ achievement goals, social status, and attitudes toward cooperation with peers. Social Psychology of Education, 7, 127–159. doi:10.1023/B:SPOE.0000018547.08294.b6.
Mercer, N. (2000). Words and minds. London: Routledge.
Meyer, D. K., Turner, J. C., & Spencer, C. A. (1997). Challenge in a mathematics classroom: Students’ motivation and strategies in project-based learning. The Elementary School Journal, 97(5), 501–522. doi:10.1086/461878.
Morrone, A. S., Harkness, S. S., D’Ambrosio, B., & Caulfield, R. (2004). Patterns of instructional discourse that promote the perception of mastery goals in a social constructivist mathematics course. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 56, 19–38. doi:10.1023/B:EDUC.0000028401.51537.a5.
Nicholls, J. G., Cobb, P., Wood, T., Yackel, E., & Patashinck, M. (1990). Assessing students’ theories of success in mathematics: Individual and classroom differences. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 21(2), 109–122. doi:10.2307/749138.
Nunokawa, K., & Ohzeki, S. (2004). What students do when hearing others explaining. Proceedigns of the 28th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (vol. 3, pp. 449–456). Bergen, Norway.
Nussbaum, E. M., & Benedixen, L. D. (2003). Approaching and avoiding arguments: Role of epistemological beliefs, need for cognition, and extraverted personality traits. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 28, 573–595. doi:10.1016/S0361-476X(02)00062-0.
Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research, 66(4), 543–578.
Resnick, L. B., Salmon, M., Zeitz, C. M., Wathen, S. H., & Holowchak, M. (1993). Reasoning in conversation. Cognition and Instruction, 11, 347–364. doi:10.1207/s1532690xci1103&4_11.
Salter, D. W., & Persaud, A. (2003). Women’s views of the factors that encourage and discourage classroom participation. Journal of College Student Development, 44(6), 831–844. doi:10.1353/csd.2003.0077.
Sfard, A. (1998). On two metaphors for learning and the dangers of choosing just one. Educational Researcher, 27(2), 4–13.
Sfard, A. (2001). There is more to discourse than meets the ears: Looking at thinking as communicating to learn more about mathematical learning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 46, 13–57. doi:10.1023/A:1014097416157.
Turner, J. C., & Patrick, H. (2004). Motivational influences on student participation in classroom learning activities. Teachers College Record, 106(9), 1759–1785. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00404.x.
Turner, J. C., Thorpe, P. K., & Meyer, D. K. (1998). Students’ reports of motivation and negative affect: A theoretical and empirical analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(4), 758–771. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.90.4.758.
Urdan, T. (2004). Using multiple methods to assess students’ perception of classroom goal structures. European Psychologist, 9(4), 222–231. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.9.4.222.
Urdan, T. C., & Maehr, M. L. (1995). Beyond a two-goal theory of motivation and achievement: A case for social goals. Review of Educational Research, 65(3), 213–243.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wentzel, K. (2000). What is it that I’m trying to achieve? Classroom goals from a content perspective. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 105–115. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1021.
Acknowledgment
I would like to thank Yi Song for her assistance with developing and piloting the questionnaire and James Beyers for his assistance with data analysis. Additionally, I would like to thank Alfinio Flores and Christine Phelps for their feedback on previous versions of this paper. Results from this study were presented previously at the Research Pre-Session of the 2006 annual meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary material Appendix A
(DOC 40.5 kb)
Supplementary material Appendix B
(DOC 40.5 kb)
Supplementary material Appendix C
(DOC 41.0 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jansen, A. Prospective elementary teachers’ motivation to participate in whole-class discussions during mathematics content courses for teachers. Educ Stud Math 71, 145–160 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-008-9168-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-008-9168-7