Introduction
Humans live in constant interaction with nature. That is part and parcel of being a biological creature on this planet. On one hand, humans exploit the available resources to survive, and at the same time, humans are deeply dependent on the continued capacity of nature to sustain their lives and the lives of their children and future generations. But something has changed over the past 50 years: Never before in human history have so many animal and plant species been made extinct so fast – and 10–30% of mammal, bird, and amphibian species are currently threatened with extinction; freshwater ecosystems are particularly at risk. Never before has humankind been so destructive and exploitative in relation to ecosystems and vital resources as now. Just as an example, in the last decades of the twentieth century, about 20% of the world’s coral reefs and 35% of the mangrove areas were lost (Millennium...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Abram, D. (1996). The spell of the sensuous. New York: Random House.
Anneberg, I. (2013). Actions of and interactions between authorities and livestock farmers – In relation to animal welfare. PhD thesis, Science and Technology, Aarhus University.
Anonymous (2012). ‘Green brain’ project to create and autonomous flying robot with a honey bee brain. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121001111405.htm. Downloaded 1 May 2014.
Beus, C. E., & Dunlap, R. E. (2010). Conventional versus alternative agriculture: The paradigmatic roots of the debate. Rural Sociology, 55(4), 590–616.
Cullather, N. (2010). The hungry world – America’s cold war battle against poverty in Asia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Fang, F. C. (2011). Reductionistic and holistic science. Infection and Immunity, 79(4), 1401–1404.
Fraser, D. (2008). Understanding animal welfare. The science in its cultural context. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Gamborg, C., & Sandøe, P. (2005). Sustainability in farm animal breeding: A review. Livestock Production Science, 92(3), 221–232.
Griffiths, J. (2006). Wild. An elemental journey. London: Penguin.
Harrison, R. (1964). Animal machines. The new factory farming industry. London: Vincent Stuart Publishers.
Hawkes, C., Chopra, M., & Friel, S. (2009). Globalization, trade, and the nutrition transition. In R. Labonté, T. Schrecker, C. Packer, & V. Runnels (Eds.), Globalization and health: Pathways, evidence and policy (pp. 235–262). London: Routledge.
Haynes, R. P. (2008). Animal welfare. Competing conceptions and their ethical implications. New York: Springer.
Jones, G. E., & Garforth, C. (1997). The history, development and future of agricultural extension. In B. E. Swanson, R. P. Bentz, & A. J. Sofranko (Eds.), Improving agricultural extension. A reference manual. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Chapter 1.
Krebs, A. (1999). Ethics of nature. A map. New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Lesser, L. I., Ebbeling, C. B., Goozner, M., & Ludwig, D. S. (2007). Relationship between funding source and conclusion among nutrition-related scientific articles. PLoS Medicine, 4(1), 41–46.
Mepham, B. (Ed.). (1996). Food ethics. London: Routledge.
Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Robin, M. M. (2010). The world according to Monsanto. New York: New Press.
Steadman, I. (2012). Engineers plan to upload bee brains to flying robots. Wired, 03(10), 12.
Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wasenaar, T., Castel, V., Rosales, M., & de Haan, C. (2006). Livestock’s long shadow: Environmental issues and options. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.
Suryanarayanan, S., & Kleinman, D. L. (2013). Be(e)coming experts: The controversy over insecticides in the honey bee colony collapse disorder. Social Studies of Science, 43(2), 215–240.
Thompson, P. B., & Stout, B. A. (Eds.). (1991). Beyond the large farm: Ethics and research goals for agriculture. Boulder: Westview Press.
Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R., & Polask, S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418, 671–677.
Tybirk, K., Alrøe, H. F., & Frederiksen, P. (2004). Nature quality in organic farming: A conceptual analysis of considerations and criteria in a European context. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 17, 249–274.
United Nations. (1987). Our common future. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, general assembly resolution 42/187. United Nations.
Valentin, A., & Spangenberg, J. H. (2000). A guide to community sustainability indicators. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 20, 381–392.
Webster, S. (2003). Thinking about biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wiersum, K. F. (1995). 200 years of sustainability in forestry: Lessons from history. Environmental Management, 19(3), 321–329.
Yeates, J., Röcklinsberg, H., & Gjerris, M. (2011). Science in regulation: A critique of policymaking based solely on animal welfare science. Animal Welfare, 20, 423–432.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Gjerris, M., Vaarst, M. (2016). Agricultural Science and Ethics. In: Thompson, P., Kaplan, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_257-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_257-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-6167-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-6167-4
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Agricultural Science and Ethics- Published:
- 04 January 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_257-2
-
Original
Agricultural Science and Ethics- Published:
- 28 April 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_257-1