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Acute Hyperglycemic Syndromes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperosmolar State

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Principles of Diabetes Mellitus

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Abstract

The patient, often a “repeat offender” who stops taking insulin, presents with increasing urination and thirst along with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, weakness, and dizziness. The patient may become confused and slip into coma. The respiratory compensation that accompanies acidemia causes deep rapid (Kussmaul) breathing. The sweet smell of the volatile ketone body acetone signals the possibility of ketoacidosis. The treating physician seeks to reestablish normal physiology and restore the patient to normal function. Thankfully, treatment is remarkably straightforward and involves intravenous fluid, insulin, potassium, and vigilance.

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Recommended Websites

  1. Medline Plus. Diabetic ketoacidosis. 2014. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000320.htm. Accessed 30 Sept 2015.

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Acknowledgments

This revision to Acute Hyperglycemic Syndromes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperosmolar State would not have been possible if not for the excellent initial chapter authored by Drs. Yun Feng and Adrienne M. Fleckman.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    David Wing-Hang Lam

  2. Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Yun Feng

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  1. David Wing-Hang Lam
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Correspondence to David Wing-Hang Lam .

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  1. Lenox Hill Hospital Division of Endocrinology, New York, New York, USA

    Leonid Poretsky

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Lam, D.WH., Feng, Y. (2016). Acute Hyperglycemic Syndromes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperosmolar State. In: Poretsky, L. (eds) Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_18-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_18-4

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  1. Latest

    Acute Hyperglycemic Syndromes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperosmolar State
    Published:
    07 October 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_18-4

  2. Acute Hyperglycemic Syndromes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperosmolar State
    Published:
    30 July 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_18-3

  3. Original

    Acute Hyperglycemic Syndromes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Hyperosmolar State
    Published:
    04 April 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_18-2

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