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Chronic Kidney Disease in the Hypertensive Patient

An Overview of the I-DEMAND Study

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Abstract

The kidney has been recognized as a sensor of cardiovascular risk. However, evaluation of urinary albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate is still too often overlooked in clinical practice.

The I-DEMAND (Italy-Developing Education and awareness on MicroAlbuminuria in patients with hyperteNsive Disease) study was designed to assess the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its clinical correlates among Italian hypertensive patients.

A total of 4151 patients from 87 specialized care centres were included in the study.

Overall, this study demonstrated that approximately one-half of the enrolled patients had chronic kidney disease, with albuminuria being present in one-quarter of the individuals. The presence of renal abnormalities was more prevalent in patients with concomitant cardiovascular risk factors.

This article discusses the main results of the study and its potential implications in clinical practice.

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Acknowledgements

The I-DEMAND study was supported by an unrestricted research grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb. The authors have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardionephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Viale Benedetto XV, 6 - 16132, Genoa, Italy

    Giovanna Leoncini, Francesca Viazzi, Giacomo Deferrari &  Roberto Pontremoli

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Enrico Agabiti Rosei

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Ettore Ambrosioni & Francesco V. Costa

  4. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S.Luca, Milan, Italy

    Gastone Leonetti

  5. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

    Achille C. Pessina

  6. Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

    Bruno Trimarco

  7. Division of Cardiology, II Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Massimo Volpe

  8. IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy

    Massimo Volpe

Authors
  1. Giovanna Leoncini
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  2. Francesca Viazzi
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  3. Enrico Agabiti Rosei
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  4. Ettore Ambrosioni
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  5. Francesco V. Costa
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  6. Gastone Leonetti
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  7. Achille C. Pessina
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  8. Bruno Trimarco
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  9. Massimo Volpe
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  10. Giacomo Deferrari
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  11. Roberto Pontremoli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberto Pontremoli.

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Leoncini, G., Viazzi, F., Rosei, E.A. et al. Chronic Kidney Disease in the Hypertensive Patient. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 18, 31–36 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2165/11588050-000000000-00000

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11588050-000000000-00000

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