Abstract
The processes of electron impact induced fluorescence of nitrogen were studied in the electron energy range from 6 to 100 eV and in the spectral range from 330 to 1030 nm. Using the new CCD camera a Spectral Electron Energy Map of N2 was obtained. This type of data for such a wide spectral and energy range are published for the first time. The most intensive molecular emission bands were neutral nitrogen First positive system N2 (B3Πg − A3∑u+) and Second positive system N2 (C3Πu − B3Πg), First negative system N2+ (B2∑u+ − X2∑g+) and Meinel system N2+ (A2Πu − X2∑g+). The detected lower intensity transitions were Gaydon-Herman singlet system N2 (1Σu+ − a1Πg / 1Πu+ − a1Πg) and Gaydon-Green system N2 (H3Φu − G3Δg). In addition, processes of dissociative excitation and ionisation were observed, resulting in the photon emission from the neutral and singly ionised nitrogen atoms. The provided Spectral Electron Energy Map allows extraction of (i) electron energy resolved emission spectra of N2 and determination of the absolute values of excitation-emission cross sections, (ii) excitation-emission functions for any of the molecular bands or atomic lines present in the spectra.
Graphic Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files). This manuscript has data included as electronic supplementary material.
References
L. Roth, N. Ivchenko, G.R. Gladstone, J. Saur, D. Grodent, B. Bonfond, P.M. Molyneux, K.D. Retherford, Nat. Astron. 5, 1043 (2021)
L. Roth, J. Saur, K.D. Retherford, D.F. Strobel, P.D. Feldman, M.A. McGrath, F. Nimmo, Science 343(6167), 171–174 (2014)
D. Bodewits, L.M. Lara, M.F. A’Hearn, F. la Forgia, A. Gicquel, G. Kovacs, J. Knollenberg, M. Lazzarin, Z.-Y. Lin, X. Shi, C. Snodgrass, C. Tubiana, H. Sierks, C. Barbieri, P.L. Lamy, R. Rodrigo, D. Koschny, H. Rickman, H.U. Keller, M.A. Barucci, J.-L. Bertaux, I. Bertini, S. Boudreault, G. Cremonese, V. da Deppo, B. Davidsson, S. Debei, M. de Cecco, S. Fornasier, M. Fulle, O. Groussin, P.J. Gutiérrez, C. Güttler, S.F. Hviid, W.-H. Ip, L. Jorda, J.-R. Kramm, E. Kührt, M. Küppers, J.J. López-Moreno, F. Marzari, G. Naletto, N. Oklay, N. Thomas, I. Toth, J.-B. Vincent, Astron. J. 152, 130 (2016)
N.J. Cunningham, J.R. Spencer, P.D. Feldman, D.F. Strobel, K. France, S.N. Osterman, Icarus 254, 178 (2015)
M. Scherf, H. Lammer, N.V. Erkaev, K.E. Mandt, S.E. Thaller, B. Marty, Space Sci. Rev. 216(8), 1–30 (2020)
J.T. Fons, R.S. Schappe, C.C. Lin, Phys. Rev. A (Coll Park) 53, 2239 (1996)
D.C. Cartwright, Phys. Rev. A (Coll Park) 2, 1331 (1970)
X.-J. Huang, Y. Xin, L. Yang, Q.-H. Yuan, Z.-Y. Ning, Phys. Plasmas 15, 113504 (2008)
V. Linss, Spectrochim. Acta. Part B At Spectrosc. 60, 253 (2005)
A. Chutjian, D.C. Cartwright, S. Trajmar, Phys. Rev. A (Coll Park) 16, 1052 (1977)
L. Campbell, M.J. Brunger, A.M. Nolan, L.J. Kelly, A.B. Wedding, J. Harrison, P.J.O. Teubner, D.C. Cartwright, B. McLaughlin, J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34, 1185 (2001)
G. Poparić, M. Vićić, D.S. Belić, Phys. Rev. A (Coll Park) 60, 4542 (1999)
S. Chung, C.C. Lin, Phys. Rev. A (Coll Park) 6, 988 (1972)
A.R. Filippelli, F.A. Sharpton, C.C. Lin, R.E. Murphy, J. Chem. Phys. 76, 3597 (1982)
M. Imami, W.L. Borst, J. Chem. Phys. 61, 1115 (1974)
M. Shaw, J. Campos, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 30, 73 (1983)
T.G. Finn, J.F.M. Aarts, J.P. Doering, J. Chem. Phys. 56, 5632 (1972)
Y. Tohyama, T. Nagata, J. Physical. Soc. Jpn. 80, 034304 (2011)
C.P. Malone, P.V. Johnson, J.A. Young, X. Liu, B. Ajdari, M.A. Khakoo, I. Kanik, J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42, 225202 (2009)
M. Zubek, J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27, 573 (1994)
R.S. Mangina, J.M. Ajello, R.A. West, D. Dziczek, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Series 196(1), 13 (2011)
D.J. Burns, F.R. Simpson, J.W. McConkey, J. Phys. B At. Mol. Phys. 2, 309 (1969)
P.N. Stantonn, R.M. John, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59(3), 252–260 (1969)
J.W. McConkey, I.D. Latimer, Proc. Phys. Soc. 86, 463 (1965)
Y. Itikawa, M. Hayashi, A. Ichimura, K. Onda, K. Sakimoto, K. Takayanagi, M. Nakamura, H. Nishimura, T. Takayanagi, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 15, 985 (1986)
J. Országh, M. Danko, A. Ribar, Š Matejčík, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 279, 76 (2012)
J. Országh, M. Danko, P. Čechvala, Š Matejčík, Astrophys. J. 841, 17 (2017)
D. Bodewits, J. Országh, J. Noonan, M. Ďurian, Š Matejčík, Astrophys. J. 885, 167 (2019)
M. Danko, J. Orszagh, M. Ďurian, J. Kočišek, M. Daxner, S. Zöttl, J.B. Maljković, J. Fedor, P. Scheier, S. Denifl, Š Matejčík, J. Phys. B At. Mol. Phys. 46, 045203 (2013)
A. Lofthus, P.H. Krupenie, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 6, 113 (1977)
D.E. Shemansky, J.M. Ajello, I. Kanik, Astrophys. J. 452, 472 (1995)
M.J. Brunger, P.J.O. Teubner, Phys. Rev. A (Coll Park) 41, 1413 (1990)
Acknowledgements
This paper is dedicated to the scientific achievements of Professor Kurt Becker, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. This work has received support from Slovak Research and Development Agency under the projects nr. APVV-19-0386 and APVV-15-0580, Slovak grant agency VEGA under projects nr. 1/0489/21 and 1/0553/22. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 871149.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
JB and BS are responsible for performing the experiment and processing the data; JB, JO and ŠM are responsible for data analysis, interpretation, and manuscript preparation.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Blaško, J., Országh, J., Stachová, B. et al. Spectral electron energy map of electron impact induced emission of nitrogen. Eur. Phys. J. D 77, 22 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00602-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00602-y