Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photonic spatial Bell-state analysis for robust quantum secure direct communication using quantum dot-cavity systems

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal D Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, experiments showed that the spatial-mode states of entangled photons are more robust than their polarization-mode states in quantum communications. Here, we construct a complete and deterministic protocol for analyzing the spatial Bell states using the interaction between a photon and an electron spin in a charged quantum dot inside a one-side micropillar microcavity. A quantum nondemolition detector (QND) for checking the parity of a two-photon system can be constructed with the giant optical Faraday rotation in this solid state system. With this parity-check QND, we present a complete and deterministic proposal for the analysis of the four spatial-mode Bell states. Moreover, we present a robust two-step quantum secure direct communication protocol based on the spatial-mode Bell states and the photonic spatial Bell-state analysis. Our analysis shows that our BSA proposal works in both the strong and the weak coupling regimes if the side leakage and cavity loss rate is small.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.A. Nielsen, I.L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000)

  2. R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, K. Horodecki, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. A.K. Ekert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. C.H. Bennett, G. Brassard, N.D. Mermin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 557 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 145 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. F.G. Deng, G.L. Long, Phys. Rev. A 68, 042315 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. X.H. Li, F.G. Deng, H.Y. Zhou, Phys. Rev. A 78, 022321 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. C.H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, W.K. Wootters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Żukowski, A. Zeilinger, M.A. Horne, A.K. Ekert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4287 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. C.H. Bennett, S.J. Wiesner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2881 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. X.S. Liu, G.L. Long, D.M. Tong, F. Li, Phys. Rev. A 65, 022304 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Hillery, V. Bužek, A. Berthiaume, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1829 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Karlsson, M. Koashi, N. Imoto, Phys. Rev. A 59, 162 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Xiao, G.L. Long, F.G. Deng, J.W. Pan, Phys. Rev. A 69, 052307 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. A.M. Lance, T. Symul, W.P. Bowen, B.C. Sanders, P.K. Lam, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 177903 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. F.G. Deng, C.Y. Li, Y.S. Li, H.Y. Zhou, Y. Wang, Phys. Rev. A 72, 022338 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. F.G. Deng et al., Phys. Rev. A 72, 044301 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. F.G. Deng et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 39, 459 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. X.H. Li et al., J. Phys. B 39, 1975 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Z.X. Man, Y.J. Xia, N.B. An, Eur. Phys. J. D 42, 333 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Z.Y. Wang, H. Yuan, S.H. Shi, Z.J. Zhang, Eur. Phys. J. D 41, 371 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. X.H. Li, B.K. Zhao, Y.B. Sheng, F.G. Deng, H.Y. Zhou, Int. J. Quantum Inform. 7, 1479 (2009)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. L. Vaidman, N. Yoran, Phys. Rev. A 59, 116 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. N. Lütkenhaus, J. Calsamiglia, K.A. Suominen, Phys. Rev. A 59, 3295 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Calsamiglia, Phys. Rev. A 65, 030301(R) (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, P.G. Kwiat, A. Zeilinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4656 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. J.A.W. van Houwelingen, N. Brunner, A. Beveratos, H. Zbinden, N. Gisin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 130502 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. R. Ursin, T. Jennewein, M. Aspelmeyer, R. Kaltenbaek, M. Lindenthal, P. Walther, A. Zeilinger, Nature 430, 849 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. P.G. Kwiat, H. Weinfurter, Phys. Rev. A 58, 2623 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. S.P. Walborn, S. Ṕadua, C.H. Monken, Phys. Rev. A 68, 042313 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. C. Schuck, G. Huber, C. Kurtsiefer, H. Weinfurter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 190501 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Barbieri, G. Vallone, P. Mataloni, F. De Martini, Phys. Rev. A 75, 042317 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. J.T. Barreiro, T.C. Wei, P.G. Kwiat, Nat. Phys. 4, 282 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. T.C. Wei, J.T. Barreiro, P.G. Kwiat, Phys. Rev. A 75, 060305 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. T. Calarco, A. Datta, P. Fedichev, E. Pazy, P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 68, 012310 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. C.Y. Hu, A. Young, J.L. O’Brien, W.J. Munro, J.G. Rarity, Phys. Rev. B 78, 085307 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. C. Bonato, F. Haupt, S.S.R. Oemrawsingh, J. Gudat, D. Ding, M.P.V. Exter, D. Bouwmeester, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 160503 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. C.Y. Hu, W.J. Munro, J.G. Rarity, Phys. Rev. B 78, 125318 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. T. Yu, A.D. Zhu, S. Zhang, K.H. Yeon, S.C. Yu, Phys. Scr. 84, 025001 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. C.Y. Hu, J.G. Rarity, Phys. Rev. B 83, 115303 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. C. Wang, Y. Zhang, G.S. Jin, Phys. Rev. A 84, 032307 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. G.L. Long, X.S. Liu, arXiv:quant-ph/0012056 V1 (the first version annouced on 13 December 2000 in arXiv:quant-ph/0012056 and it claims clearly that this protocol can be used to transmit secret message directly. Its simplified version is published in Phys. Rev. A 65, 032302 (2002)

  43. F.G. Deng, G.L. Long, X.S. Liu, Phys. Rev. A 68, 042317 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. F.G. Deng, G.L. Long, Phys. Rev. A 69, 052319 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. C. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. A 71, 044305 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. C. Wang et al., Opt. Commun. 253, 15 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. X.H. Li, C.Y. Li, F.G. Deng, P. Zhou, Y.J. Liang, H.Y. Zhou, Chin. Phys. Lett. 16, 2149 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. F.G. Deng, X.H. Li, C.Y. Li, P. Zhou, H.Y. Zhou, Phys. Lett. A 359, 359 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. F.G. Deng, X.H. Li, C.Y. Li, P. Zhou, H.Y. Zhou, Chin. Phys. Lett. 16, 277 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. T.J. Wang, T. Li, F.F. Du, F.G. Deng, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28, 040305 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. B. Gu, Y.G. Huang, X. Fang, Y.L. Chen, Commun. Theor. Phys. 56, 659 (2011)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  52. B. Gu, Y.G. Huang, X. Fang, C.Y. Zhang, Chin. Phys. B 20, 100309 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. B. Gu, C.Y. Zhang, G.S. Cheng, Y.G. Huang, Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 54, 942 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. D. Liu, J.L. Chen, W. Jiang, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51, 2923 (2012)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  55. Z.W. Sun, R.G. Du, D.Y. Long, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51, 1946 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  56. J. Shi, Y.X. Gong, P. Xu, S.N. Zhu, Y.B. Zhan, Commun. Theor. Phys. 56, 831 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  57. G. Gao, M. Fang, R.M. Yang, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 50, 882 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  58. C.W. Yang, C.W. Tsai, T. Hwang, Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 54, 496 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. K. Boström, T. Felbinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 187902 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. X.H. Li, F.G. Deng, C.Y. Li, Y.J. Liang, P. Zhou, H.Y. Zhou, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49, 1354 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  61. F.L. Yan, X.Q. Zhang, Eur. Phys. J. B 41, 75 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. T. Gao, F.L. Yan, Z.X. Wang, J. Phys. A 38, 5761 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  63. Z.X. Man, Z.J. Zhang, Y. Li, Chin. Phys. Lett. 22, 18 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. A.D. Zhu, Y. Xia, Q.B. Fan, S. Zhang, Phys. Rev. A 73, 022338 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. H. Lee, J. Lim, H. Yang, Phys. Rev. A 73, 042305 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. H.F. Wang, S. Zhang, K.H. Yeon, C.I. Um, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49, 459 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  67. T. Gao, Z. Naturforsch. A 59, 597 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  68. T. Gao, F.L. Yan, Chin. Phys. Lett. 14, 893 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. G.L. Long, F.G. Deng, C. Wang, X.H. Li, K. Wen, W.Y. Wang, Front. Phys. China 2, 251 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. C. Simon, J.W. Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 257901 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. Y.B. Sheng, F.G. Deng, H.Y. Zhou, Phys. Rev. A 77, 042308 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. Y.B. Sheng, F.G. Deng, Phys. Rev. A 81, 032307 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. Y.B. Sheng, F.G. Deng, Phys. Rev. A 82, 044305 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. X.H. Li, Phys. Rev. A 82, 044304 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. F.G. Deng, Phys. Rev. A 83, 062316 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. J.W. Pan, S. Gasparonl, R. Ursin, G. Weihs, A. Zellinger, Nature 423, 417 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. J. Minář, H. de Riedmatten, C. Simon, H. Zbinden, N. Gisin, Phys. Rev. A 77, 052325 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. Y.B. Sheng, F.G. Deng, Phys. Rev. A 81, 042332 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. J.M. Merolla, Y. Mazurenko, J.P. Goedgebuer, W.T. Rhodes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1656 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. R.J. Warburton, C.S. Dürr, K. Karrai, J.P. Kotthaus, G. Medeiros-Ribeiro, P.M. Petroff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5282 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. C.Y. Hu, W. Ossau, D.R. Yakovlev, G. Landwehr, T. Wojtowicz, G. Karczewski, J. Kossut, Phys. Rev. B 58, R1766 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. D.F. Walls, G.J. Milburn, Quantum Optics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994)

  83. X.H. Li, F.G. Deng, H.Y. Zhou, Phys. Rev. A 74, 054302 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. F.G. Deng, X.H. Li, H.Y. Zhou, Z.J. Zhang, Phys. Rev. A 72, 044302 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. M. Pavičić, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 080403 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. W.P. Grice, Phys. Rev. A 84, 042331 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. K. Nemoto, W.J. Munro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 250502 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. A.B. Young, R. Oulton, C.Y. Hu, A.C.T. Thijssen, C. Schneider, S. Reitzenstein, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, L. Worschech, A. Forchel, J.G. Rarity, Phys. Rev. A 84, 011803 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. J.P. Reithmaier, G. Sȩk, A. Löffler, C. Hofmann, S. Kuhn, S. Reitzenstein, L.V. Keldysh, V.D. Kulakovskii, T.L. Reinecke, A. Forchel, Nature 432, 197 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H.M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O.B. Shchekin, D.G. Deppe, Nature 432, 200 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. S. Reitzenstein, C. Hofmann, A. Gorbunov, M. Strauß, S.H. Kwon, C. Schneider, A. Löffler, S. Höfling, M. Kamp, A. Forchel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 251109 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. V. Loo, L. Lanco, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, O. Krebs, P. Voisin, P. Senellart, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 241110 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. P. Borri, W. Langbein, S. Schneider, U. Woggon, R.L. Sellin, D. Ouyang, D. Bimberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 157401 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. D. Birkedal, K. Leosson, J.M. Hvam, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 227401 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. W. Langbein, P. Borri, U. Woggon, V. Stavarache, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, Phys. Rev. B 70, 033301 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. D. Heiss, S. Schaeck, H. Huebl, M. Bichler, G. Abstreiter, J.J. Finley, D.V. Bulaev, D. Loss, Phys. Rev. B 76, 241306(R) (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. B.D. Gerardot, D. Brunner, P.A. Dalgarno, P. Öhberg, S. Seidl, M. Kroner, K. Karrai, N.G. Stoltz, P.M. Petroff, R.J. Warburton, Nature 451, 441 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. D. Brunner, B.D. Gerardot, P.A. Dalgarno, G. Wüst, K. Karrai, N.G. Stoltz, P.M. Petroff, R.J. Warburton, Science 325, 70 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. G. Bester, S. Nair, A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 67, 161306(R) (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. M. Bayer, G. Ortner, O. Stern, A. Kuther, A.A. Gorbunov, A. Forchel, P. Hawrylak, S. Fafard, K. Hinzer, T.L. Reinecke, S.N. Walck, J.P. Reithmaier, F. Klopf, F. Schäfer, Phys. Rev. B 65, 195315 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. J.J. Finley, D.J. Mowbray, M.S. Skolnick, A.D. Ashmore, C. Baker, A.F.G. Monte, M. Hopkinson, Phys. Rev. B 66, 153316 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China

    Bao-Cang Ren, Hai-Rui Wei, Ming Hua, Tao Li & Fu-Guo Deng

Authors
  1. Bao-Cang Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hai-Rui Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ming Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tao Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fu-Guo Deng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fu-Guo Deng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ren, BC., Wei, HR., Hua, M. et al. Photonic spatial Bell-state analysis for robust quantum secure direct communication using quantum dot-cavity systems. Eur. Phys. J. D 67, 30 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2012-30626-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2012-30626-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation