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Biochemical and proteomic analysis of soybean sprouts at different germination temperatures

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Abstract

Soybean sprouts are available throughout the year and have gained popularity as a functional food owing to their high nutritional value. In the present study, soybean seeds were germinated at different temperatures and the effects on growth characteristics, nutrient composition, and secondary metabolites were investigated. Sprout qualities such as whole length and hypocotyl length were observed to increase at a higher temperature of germination (25 vs. 20 °C). The total protein content of the sprouts increased, whereas the total fatty acid content decreased upon germination at 25 °C. The total phenolic content was higher in soybean sprouts than in soybean seeds. Additionally, antioxidant activity increased in a temperature-dependent manner. Both DPPH and ABTS activity were higher at 25 °C than at 20 °C. Proteomic analysis was conducted to generate temperature responsive protein profiles of soybean sprouts. Using 2D gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 33 differentially expressed spots were identified. Further analysis of these spots revealed potential function in protein storage and modification. Upon germination at 25 °C, 16 spots increased significantly, whereas 17 protein spots were observed to decrease. Interestingly, a trypsin inhibitor was highly expressed at 25 °C. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression level of most of genes encoding the identified proteins correlated well with their protein abundance, suggesting their temperature-dependent transcriptional regulation in soybean sprouts. In summary, our results clearly indicate an effect of temperature on growth of and secondary metabolite production in soybean sprouts.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development of Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea (Project No. PJ00929101) and by a 2014 Postdoctoral Fellowship of National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Gyeongnam, 627-803, Republic of Korea

      Sung Cheol Koo, Hyun Young Kim, Hyun Tae Kim, Young Hoon Lee, Beom Kyu Kang, In Youl Baek, Hong Tai Yun & Man Soo Choi

    2. Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 441-857, Republic of Korea

      Sang Gon Kim & Seong-Bum Baek

    3. Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, Republic of Korea

      Dong-Won Bae

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    1. Sung Cheol Koo
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    Correspondence to Man Soo Choi.

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    Sung Cheol Koo and Sang Gon Kim have contributed equally to this work.

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    Supplementary Table 1 Primers used for RT-PCR analysis

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    Koo, S.C., Kim, S.G., Bae, DW. et al. Biochemical and proteomic analysis of soybean sprouts at different germination temperatures. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 58, 397–407 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-015-0053-7

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