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Red wine enhances glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and insulin responses in type 2 diabetes during an oral glucose tolerance test

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Abstract

Background

Ingestion of ethanol before a glucose challenge enhances the insulin response by an unknown mechanism. In addition, epidemiological studies consistently indicate that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the potential involvement of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in alcohol-induced augmentation of the insulin response and to determine if red wine acutely improves glucose tolerance during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods

Nine subjects (eight T2D and one pre-diabetes) completed two OGTT 30 min after consumption of 263 ml water or red wine (28 g ethanol). Blood samples were obtained for 3 h and analyzed for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GIP, and GLP-1.

Results

Compared with water, consumption of red wine increased the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin by 50 % (14,837 ± 4759 vs. 9885 ± 2686 µU/ml × min; p < 0.05) and for GIP by 25 % (7729 ± 1548 vs. 6191 ± 1049 pmol/l × min; p < 0.05). Glucose and GLP-1 responses were not affected by red wine.

Conclusion

Wine consumption before an OGTT augments the insulin response, which may be partially driven by a greater GIP response. Because glucose levels were not reduced, acute wine consumption may not be effective treatment for enhancing glycemic control or may need to be combined with therapy that improves insulin sensitivity.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ying Liu, Jin Yan, Abby Felthaus, and Chelsea Diamond for their technical assistance. This research was supported by the Kenan Fund for student and faculty development at Transylvania University (KAA) and National Institutes of Health T32-AR048523 (LJR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Exercise Science Program, Transylvania University, 300 N. Broadway, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA

    Kirk A. Abraham

  2. Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, McKee Gymnasium, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Monica L. Kearney & Leryn J. Reynolds

  3. Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology and Medicine, McKee Gymnasium, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    John P. Thyfault

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  1. Kirk A. Abraham
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  2. Monica L. Kearney
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Correspondence to Kirk A. Abraham.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics policy

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent or a substitute for it was obtained from all patients before inclusion in the study.

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Abraham, K.A., Kearney, M.L., Reynolds, L.J. et al. Red wine enhances glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and insulin responses in type 2 diabetes during an oral glucose tolerance test. Diabetol Int 7, 173–180 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-015-0234-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-015-0234-y

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