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Mineralogy and geochemistry of granitoids from Kinnaur region, Himachal Higher Himalaya, India: Implication on the nature of felsic magmatism in the collision tectonics

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Abstract

Felsic magmatism in the southern part of Himachal Higher Himalaya is constituted by Neoproterozoic granite gneiss (GGn), Early Palaeozoic granitoids (EPG) and Tertiary tourmaline-bearing leucogranite (TLg). Magnetic susceptibility values (<3 ×10−3 SI), molar Al2 O 3/(CaO + Na2 O + K 2O) (≥1.1), mineral assemblage (bt–ms–pl–kf–qtz ± tur ± ap), and the presence of normative corundum relate these granitoids to peraluminous S-type, ilmenite series (reduced type) granites formed in a syncollisional tectonic setting. Plagioclase from GGn (An10–An31) and EPG (An15–An33) represents oligoclase to andesine and TLg (An2–An15) represents albite to oligoclase, whereas compositional ranges of K-feldspar are more-or-less similar (Or88 to Or95 in GGn, Or86 to Or97 in EPG and Or87 to Or94 in TLg). Biotites in GGn (Mg/Mg + Fet= 0.34–0.45), EPG (Mg/Mg + Fet= 0.27–0.47), and TLg (Mg/Mg + Fet= 0.25–0.30) are ferribiotites enriched in siderophyllite, which stabilised between FMQ and HM buffers and are characterised by dominant 3Fe\(\rightleftharpoons \)2Al, 3Mg\(\rightleftharpoons \)2Al substitutions typical of peraluminous (S-type), reducing felsic melts. Muscovite in GGn (Mg/Mg + Fet=0.58–0.66), EPG (Mg/Mg + Fet=0.31−0.59), and TLg (Mg/Mg + Fet=0.29–0.42) represent celadonite and paragonite solid solutions, and the tourmaline from EPG and TLg belongs to the schorl-elbaite series, which are characteristics of peraluminous, Li-poor, biotite-tourmaline granites. Geochemical features reveal that the GGn and EPG precursor melts were most likely derived from melting of biotite-rich metapelite and metagraywacke sources, whereas TLg melt appears to have formed from biotite-muscovite rich metapelite and metagraywacke sources. Major and trace elements modelling suggest that the GGn, EPG and TLg parental melts have experienced low degrees (∼13, ∼17 and ∼13%, respectively) of kf–pl–bt fractionation, respectively, subsequent to partial melting. The GGn and EPG melts are the results of a pre-Himalayan, syn-collisional Pan-African felsic magmatic event, whereas the TLg is a magmatic product of Himalayan collision tectonics.

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Acknowledgements

The research work was partly supported by DST-New Delhi grant and partly by INSA-JSPS Fellowship awarded to Santosh Kumar (ID No. AP210219004). Prof Hisao Tanaka is thanked for continuing support in this study at Yamagata University, Japan. Dr V Balaram is thanked for extending ICP-MS analytical facility at National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India. Dr Tamal K Ghosh helped with electron microprobe analysis at Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. E W Sawyer is highly thanked for constructive scientific comments and correction of language. Comments from two anonymous reviewers have greatly improved the earlier version. Rajesh K Srivastava is thanked for scientific and editorial remarks.

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  1. Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263 002, Uttarakhand, India

    Brajesh Singh & Santosh Kumar

  2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Yamagata University, 990 8560, Yamagata, Japan

    Masao Ban & Kazuo Nakashima

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  1. Brajesh Singh
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Singh, B., Kumar, S., Ban, M. et al. Mineralogy and geochemistry of granitoids from Kinnaur region, Himachal Higher Himalaya, India: Implication on the nature of felsic magmatism in the collision tectonics. J Earth Syst Sci 125, 1329–1352 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-016-0748-0

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