Abstract
Multi-channel Spiral Twist Extrusion (MCSTE) is introduced as a novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique for producing superior mechanical properties associated with ultrafine grained structure in bulk metals and alloys. The MCSTE design is based on inserting a uniform square cross-sectioned billet within stacked disks that guarantee shear strain accumulation. In an attempt to validate the technique and evaluate its plastic deformation characteristics, a series of experiments were conducted. The influence of the number of MCSTE passes on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of AA1100 alloy were investigated. Four passes of MCSTE, at a relatively low twisting angle of 30 deg, resulted in increasing the strength and hardness coupled with retention of ductility. Metallographic observations indicated a significant grain size reduction of 72 pct after 4 passes of MCSTE compared with the as-received (AR) condition. Moreover, the structural uniformity increased with the number of passes, which was reflected in the hardness distribution from the peripheries to the center of the extrudates. The current study showed that the MCSTE technique could be an effective, adaptable SPD die design with a promising potential for industrial applications compared to its counterparts.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Estrin and A. Vinogrado: Acta Mater, 2013, vol. 61, pp. 782-817
T.C. Lowe and R.V. Valiev: JOM, 2004, vol .56, pp. 64-68
H. J. Hu, Y. L. Ying, Z.W. Ou, X.Q. Wang: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, vol. 695, pp. 360–366.
A. Fadaei, F. Farahafshan, and S. Sepahi-Boroujeni: Mater. Des., 2017, vol. 113, pp. 361–368
U. M. Iqbal, V.S. SenthilKumar, and S. Gopalakannan: Measurement, 2016, vol. 94, pp. 126–138
A. Farhoumand, P. D. Hodgson, and S. Khoddam: J. Mater. Sci., 2013, vol. 48, pp. 2454-2461
M. Ebrahimi, H. Gholipour, and F. Djavanroodi: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, vol. 650, pp. 1-7
M. Ensafi, G. Faraji and H. Abdolvand: Mater. Lett., 2017, vol. 197, pp. 12–16
H. Sheikh, R. Ebrahimi, and E. Bagherpour: Mater. Des., 2016, vol. 109, pp. 289–299
M. Ebrahimi, and M. Shamsborhan: J. Alloys compd., 2017, vol. 705, pp. 28-37
Y. Duan, L. Tang, G. Xu, Y. Deng, and Z. Yin: J. Alloys Compd., 2016, vol. 664, pp. 518-529
Y. T. Zhu, T.G.Langdon, R. S. Mishra, S. L. Setniatin, M. J. Saran, and T. C. Lowe: Ultrafine Grained Materials II, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ, 2002, pp.15-24
B. Leszcztnska-Madej, M. W. Richert, and M. Perek-Nowa: Arch. Metall. Mater., 2015, vol. 60, pp. 1437-1440
T. Hinklin and K. Lu: Processing of Nanoparticle structures and composites, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ, 2009, pp.11-22
K. I. Khodary, H. G. Salem, and M.A. Zikry: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2008, vol. 39, pp. 2184-2192
A. Nassef., S. Samy, and W. H. Elgaraihy (2015) J. Mater. 9, 131-136
H.G. Salem, W.H. El-Garaihy, and S. M. A. Rassoul: TMS 2012, Annu. Meet. Exhib., Suppl. Proc., 141st, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2012, pp. 553–60.
W.H. El-Garaihy, S. M. A. Rassoul, and H.G. Salem: Mater. Sci. Forum., 2014, Vol. 783-786, pp. 2623-2628
A. Alhamidi, K. Edalati, and Z. Horita: Mater. Res., 2013, vol. 16, pp. 672-678
H. J. Lee, J. K. Han, S. Janakiraman, B. Ahn, M. Kawasaki, and T. Langdon: J. Alloys Compd., 2016, vol. 686, pp.998-1007
M. Murashkin, I. Sabirov, D. Prosvirnin, and S. Dobatkin: Metals, 2015, vol. 5, pp. 578-590
T. S. Naser and G. Krallics: Acta. Polytech. Hungar., 2014,vol. 11, pp.103- 117
S. O. Gashti, A. F-alhosseini, Y. Mazaheri, and M. Keshavarz: J. Manf. Proc., 2016, vol. 22, pp.269-277
M. Berta, D. Orlov, and P. Prangnell: Int. J. Mater. Res., 2007, vol. 98, pp. 200-204
D. Orlov, Y. Beygelzimer, S. Synkov, V. Varyukhin, N. Tsuji, and Z. Horita: Mater. Trans., 2009, vol. 50, pp.96-100
H. Zendehdel and A. Hassani: Mater. Des., 2012,vol. 37, pp.13-18
Y. Beygelzimer, A. Reshetov, S. Synkov, O. Prokofevea, and R. Kulagin: J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2009, vol. 209, pp. 3650-3656
S. R. Bahadori, S.A. Mousavi, and A. R. Shahab: Adv. Mater. Res., 2011, vol. 264-265, pp.183-187.
D. Orlov, Y. Beygelzimer, S. Synkov, V. Varyukhin, N. Tsuji, and Z. Horita: Mater.Sci.Eng.A, 2008, vol. 519, pp. 105-111.
Sh. R. Bahadori, K. Dehghani, and S.A.A. Mousavi: Mater.Lett., 2015, vol. 152, pp. 48-52
S. V. Noor, A. R. Eivani, H. R. Jafarian, and M. Mirzaei: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, vol. 652, pp. 186–191
Y.Beygelzimer, R. Kulagin, M. Latypov, and H. Kim: Met. Mater. Int., 2015, vol. 21, pp. 734-740
M. I. Latypov, E. Yoon, D. Lee, R. Kulagin, Y. Beygelzimer, M. Salehi and H. Kim: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2014, vol. 45, pp. 2232-2241
W.H. El-Garaihy, and H.G. Salem: Multi-Channel Spiral Twist Extrusion. Provisional Patent US 62/492,456.
F. J. Kalahroudi, A. Eivani, H. Jafarian, A. Amouri, and R. Gholizadeh: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, vol. 667, pp. 349-357
M. Irania, and M. Joun, Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals, 2017, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 632–638.
J. Gi Kim, M. Latypov, N. Pardis, Y. E. Beygelzimer, H. S. Kim, Materials & Design, 2015, Vol. 83, pp. 858-865
A. Reshetov, A. Korshunov, A. Smolyakov, Y. Beygelzimer, V. Varyukhin, I. Kaganova, and A. Morozov: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2011, vol. 667-669, pp. 851-856.
D. Orlov, Y. Beygelzimer, S. Synkov, V. Varyukhin, N. Tsuji, and Z. Horita: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, vol. 519, pp. 105-111
A. Eivani, M. Hosseini, H. R. Jafariah, S. H. Mousavi Anijdan, and N. Park: Mater. Charact., 2017, vol. 130, pp. 204-2010
D. Orlov, Y. Todaka, M. Umemoto, Y. Beygeelzimer, and N. Tsuji: Mater. Trans., 2012, vol. 53, pp. 17-25
Y. T. Zhu and X. Liao: Nat. Mater., 2004, vol. 3, pp. 351-352
Y.J. Li, W. Blum, and F. Breutinger: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2004, vol. 387-389, pp. 585-589
Z. Horita,T. Fujinami, M. Nemoto, and T. G. Langdon: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, vol. 31, pp.691-701
Q. Wei, S. Cheng, K. T. Ramesh, and E. Ma: Sci. Eng. A, 2004, vol. 387, pp. 71-79
Y.J. Li, and W. Blum: Phys. Stat. Solidi, 2005, vol. 202, pp. 119-121
A. Molotnikov: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2008, vol. 584-586, pp 1051-1056
S.Asghar, A. Mousavi and S. R. Bahador: JOM, 2011, vol. 63, pp. 69-76
A. Loucif, R. B. Figueiredo, T. Baudin, F. Brisset, R. Chemam, and, T. G. Langdon: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, vol. 532, pp 139-145
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the support extended by the Material Testing Laboratories in the Mechanical Engineering department, AUC by way of facilitating the use of the processing and testing equipment. Gratitude is also expressed to the Fresh Factory for Tools and Dies for their appreciable effort in manufacturing the MCSTE die.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted October 5, 2017.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
El-Garaihy, W.H., Fouad, D.M. & Salem, H.G. Multi-channel Spiral Twist Extrusion (MCSTE): A Novel Severe Plastic Deformation Technique for Grain Refinement. Metall Mater Trans A 49, 2854–2864 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4621-4
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4621-4