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An In Situ Study of Sintering Behavior and Phase Transformation Kinetics in NiTi Using Neutron Diffraction

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Abstract

The powder sintering behavior of NiTi from an elemental powder mixture of Ni/Ti has been investigated, using an in situ neutron diffraction technique. In the sintered alloys, the overall porosity ranges from 9.2 to 15.6 pct, while the open-to-overall porosity ratio is between 8.3 and 63.7 pct and largely depends on the sintering temperature. In comparison to powder compacts sintered at 1223 K and 1373 K (950 °C and 1100 °C), the powder compact sintered at 1153 K (880 °C) shows a much smaller pore size, a higher open-to-overall porosity ratio but smaller shrinkage and a lower density. Direct evidence of eutectoid transformation in the binary Ni-Ti system during furnace cooling to ca. 890 K (617 °C) is provided by in situ neutron diffraction. The intensities of the B2-NiTi reflections decrease during the holding stage at 1373 K (1100 °C), which has been elaborated as an extinction effect according to the dynamical theory of neutron diffraction, when distorted crystallites gradually recover to perfect crystals. The analysis on the first five reflections clarifies the non-existence of any order–disorder transition in the NiTi phase from B2-to-BCC structure.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the financial support from Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment (MBIE), New Zealand. Gang Chen acknowledges the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for providing his doctoral scholarship. We also appreciate the support of the Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) and Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) Ltd for providing the beamtime and financial assistance (Award No.: P2716) for the neutron diffraction work conducted on the WOMBAT instrument. We also appreciate the funding from Shaanxi Science and Technology Co-ordination and Innovation Project (No.: 2014KTZB01-02-04).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Gang Chen (Research Fellow) & Peng Cao (Associate Professor)

  2. State Key Laboratory of Porous Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi’an, 710016, Shaanxi, P.R. China

    Gang Chen (Research Fellow)

  3. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia

    Klaus-Dieter Liss (Senior Scientist)

  4. Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1195, Japan

    Klaus-Dieter Liss (Senior Scientist)

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  1. Gang Chen
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  3. Peng Cao
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Correspondence to Peng Cao.

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Manuscript submitted January 22, 2015

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Chen, G., Liss, KD. & Cao, P. An In Situ Study of Sintering Behavior and Phase Transformation Kinetics in NiTi Using Neutron Diffraction. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 5887–5899 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3156-1

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