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Protective effect of a freshwater alga, Spirogyra sp., against lipid peroxidation in vivo zebrafish and purification of antioxidative compounds using preparative centrifugal partition chromatography

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Abstract

A freshwater alga, Spirogyra sp., collected in shallow ponds in South Korea, was evaluated for its antilipid peroxidative effect against 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced in vivo zebrafish, and antioxidative compounds from the alga were efficiently identified using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+) online high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and preparative centrifugal partition chromatography. The ethyl acetate fraction of Spirogyra sp. (SPE) in each fraction showed the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and significantly scavenged 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine fluorescence, respectively, in AAPH-induced zebrafish embryo without any cytotoxicity in the concentrations between 25 and 50 μg mL−1. The two main antioxidative compounds in SPE were confirmed by ABTS+ online HPLC and were identified as gallic acid and methyl gallate, respectively, by HPLC–diode array detection (DAD)–electrospray ionization (ESI)/mass spectrometry (MS), 1H- and 13C-NMR. We conclude therefore that Spirogyra sp. is rich in gallic acid and methyl gallate, and it might be useful as a strong antilipid peroxidation material.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), Rural Development Administration (RDA), and Korea Forest Service (KFS) (213004-04-2-SB930)

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Marine Life science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, South Korea

      Ji-Hyeok Lee, Ju-Young Ko, Wonwoo Lee & You-Jin Jeon

    2. Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, South Korea

      Jong Won Han & Gwang Hoon Kim

    3. Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 550-749, South Korea

      Ginnae Ahn

    4. College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, South Korea

      Chul-Young Kim

    5. School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, South Korea

      You-Jin Jeon

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    1. Ji-Hyeok Lee
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    Correspondence to Gwang Hoon Kim or You-Jin Jeon.

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    Ji-Hyeok Lee, Jong Won Han, Gwang Hoon Kim and You-Jin Jeon contributed equally to this work.

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    Lee, JH., Han, J.W., Ko, JY. et al. Protective effect of a freshwater alga, Spirogyra sp., against lipid peroxidation in vivo zebrafish and purification of antioxidative compounds using preparative centrifugal partition chromatography. J Appl Phycol 28, 181–189 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0548-y

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