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“Plants that Remind Me of Home”: Collecting, Plant Geography, and a Forgotten Expedition in the Darwinian Revolution

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Abstract

In 1859, Harvard botanist Asa Gray (1810–1888) published an essay of what he called “the abstract of Japan botany.” In it, he applied Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory to explain why strong similarities could be found between the flora of Japan and that of eastern North America, which provoked his famous debate with Louis Agassiz (1807–1873) and initiated Gray’s efforts to secure a place for Darwinian biology in the American sciences. Notably, although the Gray–Agassiz debate has become one of the most thoroughly studied scientific debates, historians of science remain unable to answer one critical question: How was Gray able to acquire specimens from Japan? Making use of previously unknown archival materials, this article scrutinizes the institutional, instrumental, financial, and military settings that enabled Gray’s collector, Charles Wright (1811–1885), to travel to Japan, as well as examine Wright’s collecting practices in Japan. I argue that it is necessary to examine Gray’s diagnosis of Japan’s flora and the subsequent debate about it from the viewpoint of field sciences. The field-centered approach not only unveils an array of historical significances that have been overshadowed by the analytical framework of the Darwinian revolution and the reception of Darwinism, but also places a seemingly domestic incident in a transnational context.

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References

Manuscripts and Archives

  • Asa Gray (1810–1888) Papers, Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

  • Charles Wright (1811–1885) Papers, Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

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  • North Pacific Exploring Expedition Collection, 1852–1861 and undated (RU007253), Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, DC, USA.

  • Records relating to the United States Surveying Expedition to the North Pacific Ocean, 1852–1863 (National Archives microfilm publications, M88), National Archives and Records Service, Washington, DC, USA.

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  1. Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan

    Kuang-chi Hung

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Hung, Kc. “Plants that Remind Me of Home”: Collecting, Plant Geography, and a Forgotten Expedition in the Darwinian Revolution. J Hist Biol 50, 71–132 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-015-9431-6

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