Abstract
A trichomonad-like parasite isolated from canine fecal samples in Changchun, China was successfully cultivated in vitro using RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10 % heat-inactivated calf serum and antibiotics. These were then subjected to scanning and transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural study. This parasite has four anterior flagella of unequal length, one independent flagellum, and one recurrent flagellum. It exhibits an anterior nucleus, a Golgi complex, an axostyle, food vacuoles, and hydrogenosomes. These features are consistent with the ultrastructural characteristics of previously described Pentatrichomonas hominis. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of three genetic loci, including ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2, 18S rRNA, and EF-1α, were also used to compare these samples with other trichomonad species. Molecular identification was also consistent with P. hominis. This is the first time that isolation of P. hominis has been isolated from dog in China, although several other strains of P. hominis have been isolated from human samples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adebayo JA (1988) A simple flagella staining technique for Trichomonas vaginalis. Med Lab Sci 45:273–274
Benchimol M (2000) Ultrastructural characterization of the isolated hydrogenosome of Tritrichomonas foetus. Tissue Cell 32:518–526
Benchimol M (2004) Trichomonads under microscopy. Microsc Microanal 10:528–550
Cobo ER, Campero CM, Mariante RM, Benchimol M (2003) Ultrastructural study of a tetratrichomonad species isolated from prepucial smegma of virgin bulls. Vet Parasitol 117:195–211
Dimasuay KG, Rivera WL (2013) Molecular characterization of trichomonads isolated from animal hosts in the Philippines. Vet Parasitol 196:289–295
Gookin JL, Birkenheuer AJ, St John V, Spector M, Levy MG (2005) Molecular characterization of trichomonads from feces of dogs with diarrhea. J Parasitol 91:939–943
Gookin JL, Stauffer SH, Levy MG (2007) Identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in feline fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction assay. Vet Parasitol 145:11–15
Granger B, Warwood SJ, Benchimol M, De Souza W (2000) Transient invagination of flagella by Tritrichomonas foetus. Parasitol Res 86:699–709
Grellet A, Brunopolack Feugier A, Boucraut-Baralon C, Grandjean D, Vandewynckel L, Cian A, Meloni D, Viscogliosi E (2013) Prevalence, risk factors of infection and molecular characterization of trichomonads in puppies from French breeding kennels. Vet Parasitol 197:418–426
Honigberg BM, Mattern CF, Daniel WA (1968) Structure of Pentatrichomonas hominis (Davaine) as revealed by electron microscopy. J Protozool 15:419–430
Jensen EA, Hammond DM (1964) A morphological study of trichomonads and related flagellates from the bovine digestive tract. J Protozool 11:386–394
Kim YA, Kim HY, Cho SH, Cheun HI, Yu JR, Lee SE (2010) PCR detection and molecular characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from feces of dogs with diarrhea in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 48:9–13
Kleina P, Bettim-Bandinelli J, Bonatto SLI, Benchimol M, Bogo MI (2004) Molecular phylogeny of Trichomonadidae family inferred from ITS-1, 5.8S rRNA and ITS-2 sequences. Int J Parasitol 34:963–970
Levy MG, Gookin JL, Poore M, Birkenheuer AJ, Dykstra MJ, Litaker RW (2003) Tritrichomonas foetus and not Pentatrichomonas hominis is the etiologic agent of feline trichomonal diarrhea. J Parasitol 89:99–104
Meloni D, Mantini C, Goustille J, Desoubeaux G, Maakaroun-Vermesse Z, Chandenier J, Gantois N, Duboucher C, Fiori PL, Dei-Cas E, Duong TH, Viscogliosi E (2011) Molecular identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in two patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. J Clin Pathol 64:933–935
Parker S, Campbell J, McIntosh K, Gajadhar A (2003) Diagnosis of trichomoniasis in ‘virgin’ bulls by culture and polymerase chain reaction. Can Vet J 44:732–734
Pereira-Neves A, Campero CM, Martínez A, Benchimol M (2011) Identification of Tritrichomonas foetus pseudocysts in fresh preputial secretion samples from bulls. Vet Parasitol 175:1–8
Reinmann K, Muller N, Kuhnert P, Campero CM, Leitsch D, Hess M, Henning K, Fort M, Muller J, Gottstein B, Frey CF (2012) Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from cats and cattle show minor genetic differences in unrelated loci ITS-2 and EF-1alpha. Vet Parasitol 185:138–144
Rivera WL, Lupisan AJ, Baking JM (2008) Ultrastructural study of a tetratrichomonad isolated from pig fecal samples. Parasitol Res 103:1311–1316
Tolbert MK, Leutenegger CM, Lobetti R, Birrell J, Gookin JL (2012) Species identification of trichomonads and associated coinfections in dogs with diarrhea and suspected trichomonosis. Vet Parasitol 187:319–322
Warton A, Honigberg BM (1979) Structure of trichomonads as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. J Protozool 26:56–62
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 30970322 and the Key Discipline Construction Program of Anhui Science and Technology University (AKXK20101-2).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Wen-Chao Li, Peng-Tao Gong, and Meng Ying contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, WC., Gong, PT., Ying, M. et al. Pentatrichomonas hominis: first isolation from the feces of a dog with diarrhea in China. Parasitol Res 113, 1795–1801 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3825-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3825-9