Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lead isotopic evidence for interaction between plume and lower crust during emplacement of peralkaline Lovozero rocks and related rare-metal deposits, East Fennoscandia, Kola Peninsula, Russia

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Lovozero alkaline massif—an agpaitic nepheline syenite layered intrusion—is located in the central part of the Kola Peninsula, Russia, and belongs to the Kola ultramafic alkaline and carbonatitic province (KACP) of Devonian age. Associated loparite and eudialyte deposits, which contain immense resources of REE, Nb, Ta, and Zr, constitute a world class mineral district. Previous Sr, Nd, and Hf isotope investigations demonstrated that these rocks and mineral deposits were derived from a depleted mantle source. However, because the Sr, Nd, and Hf abundances in the Kola alkaline rocks are significantly elevated, their isotopic compositions were relatively insensitive to contamination by the underlying crustal rocks through which the intruding magmas passed. Pb occurring in relatively lower abundance in the KACP rocks, by contrast, would have been a more sensitive indicator of an acquired crustal component. Here, we investigate the lead isotopic signature of representative types of Lovozero rocks in order to further characterize their sources. The measured Pb isotopic composition was corrected using the determined U and Th concentrations to the age of the crystallization of the intrusion (376 ± 28 Ma, based on a 206Pb/204Pb versus 238U/204Pb isochron and 373 ± 9 Ma, from a 208Pb/204Pb versus 232Th/204Pb isochron). Unlike the previously investigated Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopes, the lead isotopic composition plot was well outside the FOZO field. The 206Pb/204Pb values fall within the depleted MORB field, with some rocks having lower 207Pb/204Pb but higher 208Pb/204Pb values. Together with other related carbonatites having both lower and higher 206Pb/204Pb values, the combined KACP rocks form an extended linear array defining either a ~2.5-Ga secondary isochron or a mixing line. The projection of this isotopic array toward the very unradiogenic composition of underlying 2.4–2.5-Ga basaltic rocks of the Matachewan superplume and associated Archean granulite facies country rock provides strong evidence that this old lower crust was the contaminant responsible for the deviation of the Lovozero rocks from a presumed original FOZO lead isotopic composition. Evaluating the presence of such a lower crustal component in the Lovozero rock samples suggests a 5–10% contamination by such rocks. Contamination by upper crustal rock is limited to only a negligible amount.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

(modified from Bayanova et al. 2009)

Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amelin YV, Neymark LA (1998) Lead isotope geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic layered intrusions in the eastern Baltic Shield: Inferences about magma sources and U-Th-Pb fractionation in the crust-mantle system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:493–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arzamastsev AA, Bea F, Glaznev VN, Arzamastseva LV, Montero P (2001) Kola alkaline province in the Paleozoic: evaluation of primary mantle magma composition and magma generation conditions. Russ J Earth Sci 3:3–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arzamastsev AA, Arzamastseva LV, Glaznev VN, Raevskiy YuA (1998) The deep structure and composition of the lower units of Khibiny and Lovozero complexes, Kola Peninsula, Russia: a petrological and geophysical model. Petrologiya 6:478–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayanova T, Ludden J, Mitrofanov F (2009) Timing and duration of Palaeoproterozoic events producing ore-bearing layered intrusions of the Baltic Shield: metallogenic, petrological and geodynamic implications. Geol Soc Lond 323:165–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell K, Rukhlov AS (2004) Carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province: origin, evolution and source characteristics. In: Wall F, Zaitsev AN (eds) Phoscorites and carbonatites from mantle to mine, 10. Mineralogical Society, Washington, DC, pp 433–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell K, Zaitsev AN, Spratt J, Fröjdö S, Rukhlov AS (2015) Elemental, lead and sulfur isotopic compositions of galena from Kola carbonatites, Russia—implications for melt and mantle evolution. Miner Mag 79:219–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellucci JJ, McDonough WF, Rudnick RL (2011) Thermal history and origin of the Tanzanian Craton from Pb isotope thermochronology of feldspars from lower crustal xenoliths. Earth Planet Sci Lett 301:493–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolhar R, Kamber BS, Collerson KD (2007) U–Th–Pb fractionation in Archaean lower continental crust: Implications for terrestrial Pb isotope systematics. Earth Planet Sci Lett 254(1–2):127–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breton T, Nauret F, Pichat S, Moine B, Moreira M, Rose-Koga EF, Auclair D, Bosq C, Wavrant LM (2013) Geochemical heterogeneities within the Crozet hotspot. Earth Planet Earth Sci 376:126–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson RW, Czamanske G, Fedorenko V, Ilupin I (2006) A comparison of Siberian meimechites and kimberlites: Implications for the source of high-Mg alkalic magmas and flood basalts. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 7:1–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciborowski TJ, Kerr AC, Ernst RE, McDonald I, Minifie MJ, Harlan SS, Millar IL (2015) The Early Proterozoic Matachewan large igneous province: geochemistry, petrogenesis, and implications for Earth evolution. J Petrol 56:1459–1494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collerson KD, Williams Q, Ewart AE, Murphy DT (2010) Origin of HIMU and EM-1 domains sampled by ocean island basalts, kimberlites and carbonatites: The role of CO2-fluxed lower mantle melting in thermochemical upwellings. Phys Earth Planet Int 181:112–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickin AP (1981) Isotope geochemistry of Tertiary igneous rocks from the Isle of Skye, NW Scotland. J Petrol 22:155–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon JE, Leist L, Langmuir C, Schilling J-G (2002) Recycled dehydrated lithosphere observed in plume-influenced mid-ocean-ridge basalt. Nature 420:385–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downes H, Balaganskaya E, Beard A, Liferovich R, Demaiffe D (2005) Petrogenetic processes in the ultramafic, alkaline and carbonatitic magmatism in the Kola Alkaline Province: a review. Lithos 85:48–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunworth EA, Bell K (2001) The Turiy Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia: isotopic and geochemical evidence for multi-source evolution. J Petrol 42:377–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerasimovsky VI (1969) Geochemistry of the Ilímaussaq alkaline massif. Nauka, Moscow, 174 pp. In Russian with English abstract

  • Gerasimovsky VI, Volkov VP, Kogarko LN, Polyakov AI, Saprykina TV, Balashov YuA (1966) The geochemistry of the Lovozero alkaline massif. Part 1 and Part 2. Australian National University Press, Canberra, 224 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghobadi M, Gerdes A, Kogarko LN, Brey G (2012) New data on the composition and hafnium isotopes of zircons from carbonatites of the Khibiny Massif. Doklady Earth Sci 446:1083–1085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glaznev VN, Zhirova AM, Raevskii AB (2008) New data on the deep structure of the Khibiny and Lovozero massifs, Kola Peninsula. Doklady Earth Sci 422(1):1150–1152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart SR, Hauri EH, Oschmann LA, Whitehead JA (1992) Mantle plumes and entrainment: isotopic evidence. Science 256:517–520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann AW (2003) Sampling mantle heterogeneity through oceanic basalts: isotopes and trace elements. Treat Geochem 2:61–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Huhma H, Cliff RA, Perttunen V, Sakko M (1990) Sm–Nd and Pb isotopic study of mafic rocks associated with early Proterozoic continental rifting: the Peröpohja schist belt in northern Finland. Contrib Miner Petrol 104:369–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kempton PD, Downes H, Neymark LA, Wartho JA, Zartman RE, Sharkov EV (2001) Garnet granulite xenoliths from the northern Baltic shield—the underplated lower crust of a palaeoproterozoic large igneous province? J Petrol 42:731–763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kogarko LN (1977) Genetic problems of agpaitic magmas. Nauka, Moscow

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogarko LN (1990) Ore-forming potential of alkaline magmas. Lithos 26:165–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kogarko LN, Zartman RE (2007) A Pb isotope investigation of the Guli massif, Maymecha-Kotuy alkaline-ultramafic complex, Siberian flood basalt province, Polar Siberia. Miner Petrol 89:113–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kogarko LN, Kononova VA, Orolova MP, Woolley AR (1995) Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 2: Former USSR. Chapman & Hall, London, 241 pp

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kogarko LN, Henderson M, Foland K (1999) The Guli ultrabasic alkaline massif in polar Siberia: evolution and isotope sources. Doklady Earth Sci 364:88–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogarko LN, Williams CT, Woolley AR (2002) Chemical evolution and petrogenetic implications of loparite in the layered, agpaitic Lovozero complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Miner Petrol 74:1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kogarko LN, Lahaye Y, Brey GP (2010) Plume-related mantle source of super-large rare metal deposits from the Lovozero and Khibina massifs on the Kola Peninsula, Eastern part of Baltic Shield: Sr, Nd and Hf isotope systematics. Miner Petrol 98:197–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramm U (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: a Nd-Sr study. Eur J Miner 5:985–989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramm U, Kogarko LN (1994) Nd and Sr isotope signatures of the Khibina and Lovozero agpaitic centres, Kola Alkaline Province, Russia. Lithos 32:225–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krivolutskaya NA, Smol’kin VF, Svirskaya NM, Mamontov VP, Fanygin AS, Belyatskii BV, Roshchina IA (2010) Geochemical features of the drusite massifs, the central part of the Belomorian mobile belt: I. Distribution of major and trace elements in the rocks. Geochem Int 48(5):465–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee MJ, Lee JI, Hur SD, Kim YD, Moutte J, Balaganskaya E (2006) Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of the Kovdor phoscorite–carbonatite complex, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia. Lithos 91:250–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu JG, Carlson RW, Rudnick RL, Walker RJ, Gao S, Wu FY (2012) Comparative Sr–Nd–Hf–Os–Pb isotope systematics of xenolithic peridotites from Yangyuan, North China Craton: Additional evidence for a Paleoproterozoic age. Chem Geol 332–333:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Marty B, Tolstikhin I, Kamensky IL, Nivin V, Balaganskaya E, Zimmermann JL (1998) Plume-derived rare gases in 380 Ma carbonatites from the Kola region (Russia) and the argon isotopic composition in the deep mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 164:179–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moorbath S, Welke H, Gale NH (1969) The significance of lead isotope studies in ancient, high-grade metamorphic basement complexes, as exemplified by the Lewisian rocks of northwest Scotland. Earth Planet Sci Lett 6:245–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patchett PJ, Tatsumoto M (1980) Hafnium isotope variations in oceanic basalts. Geophys Res Lett 7:1077–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson DG, Canil D, Shirey SB (2003) Mantle samples included in volcanic rocks: xenoliths and diamonds. Treat Geochem 2:171–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peltonen P, Brügmann G (2006) Origin of layered continental mantle (Karelian craton, Finland): geochemical and Re–Os isotope constraints. Lithos 89:405–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterman ZE, Doe BR, Prostka HJ (1970) Lead and strontium isotopes in rocks of the Absaroka Volcanic Field, Wyoming. Contrib Miner Petrol 27:121–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodionov NV, Belyatsky BV, Antonov AV, Kapitonov IN, Sergeev SA (2012) Comparative in-situ U–Th–Pb geochronology and trace element composition of baddeleyite and low-U zircon from carbonatites of the Palaeozoic Kovdor alkaline–ultramafic complex, Kola Peninsula. Gondwana Res 21:728–744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudnick RL, Fountain DM (1995) Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective. Rev Geophys 33:267–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014) Composition of the continental crust. Treat Geochem 4:1–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rukhlov AS, Bell K (2010) Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Miner Petrol 98:11–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rukhlov AS, Bell K, Amelin Y (2015) Carbonatites, isotopes and evolution of the subcontinental mantle: an overview. In: Simandl GJ, Neetz M (eds) Symposium on strategic and critical materials proceedings, November 13–14, 2015, Victoria, British Colombia. British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, British Columbia British Columbia Geological Survey Paper 2015-3, pp 39–64

  • Salters VJ, Hart SR (1991) The mantle sources of ocean ridges, islands and arcs: the Hf-isotope connection. Earth Planet Sci Lett 104:364–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smart KA, Chacko T, Simonetti A, Sharp ZD, Heaman LM (2014) A record of paleoproterozoic subduction preserved in the Northern Slave cratonic mantle: Sr–Pb–O isotope and trace-element investigations of eclogite xenoliths from the Jericho and Muskox kimberlites. J Petrol 55:549–583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stacey JS, Kramers JD (1975) Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Planet Sci Lett 26:207–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stracke A, Hofmann AW, Hart SR (2005) FOZO, HIMU, and the rest of the mantle zoo. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 6:Q05007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Todt W, Cliff RA, Hanser A, Hofmann AW (1993) Re-Calibration of NBS lead standard using a 202Pb+205Pb double spike. 7th meeting of the European union of geosciences, April 4–8th 1993 Strasbourg, Abstract vol 396

  • Tolstikhin IN, Kamensky IL, Marty B, Nivin VA, Vetrin VR, Balaganskaya EG, Ikorsky SV, Gannibal MA, Weiss D, Verhulst A, Demaiffe D (2002) Rare gas isotopes and parent trace elements in ultrabasic-alkaline–carbonatite complexes, Kola Peninsula: identification of lower mantle plume component. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:881–901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Hilst RD, Kárason H (1999) Compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000 kilometers of Earth’s mantle: toward a hybrid convection model. Science 283:1885–1888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse MJ (1989) Pb-isotopic evidence for U–Th–Pb behaviour in a prograde amphibolite to granulite facies transition from the Lewisian complex of north-west Scotland: implications for Pb–Pb dating. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:717–724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zartman RE (1969) Lead isotopes in igneous rocks of the Grenville Province as a possible clue to the presence of older crust. Geol Assoc Can Spec Pap 5:193–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Zartman RE, Haines SM (1988) The plumbotectonic model for Pb isotopic systematics among major terrestrial reservoirs—a case for bi-directional transport. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:1327–1339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zartman RE, Kogarko LN (2014) A Pb isotope investigation of the Lovozero agpaitic nepheline syenite, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Doklady Earth Sci 454(1):25–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zartman RE, Kempton PD, Paces JB, Downes H, Williams IS, Dobosi G, Futa K (2013) Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern Superior Province. J Petrol 54:575–608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang M, O’Reilly SY, Wang KL, Hronsky J, Griffin WL (2008) Flood basalts and metallogeny: the lithospheric mantle connection. Earth Sci Rev 86:145–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zindler A, Hart S (1986) Chemical geodynamics. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 14:493–571

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, no. 15-17-30019. We wish to thank Prof. Roberta Rudnick, who supplied useful information about the chemistry and structure of the lower continental crust during the preparation of this report. The comments and suggestions of three anonymous reviewers were much appreciated and found to be very useful as we sought to improve our original manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    R. E. Zartman

  2. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia

    L. N. Kogarko

Authors
  1. R. E. Zartman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. N. Kogarko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. N. Kogarko.

Additional information

Communicated by Jochen Hoefs.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zartman, R.E., Kogarko, L.N. Lead isotopic evidence for interaction between plume and lower crust during emplacement of peralkaline Lovozero rocks and related rare-metal deposits, East Fennoscandia, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 32 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1348-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1348-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation