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SMMR-SSM/I derived Greenland Sea ice variability: links with Indian and Korean Monsoons

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Abstract

Greenland Sea ice area (GRESIA) in boreal autumn and its association with the subsequent summer monsoon rainfall over India and South Korea is assessed for the period 1983–2013. It is found that GRESIA in the month of October has a significant positive relation (correlation coefficient (cc) = 0.45) with the subsequent Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR) while having a significant negative relation (cc = −0.40) with the ensuing Korean monsoon rainfall (KMR). GRESIA episodes in the preceding autumn impact the ensuing summer monsoon rainfall over India (South Korea) adversely (favourably). While central Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) play a mediating role in transmitting the GRESIA signal towards the Indian subcontinent, snow over eastern Eurasia, just north of the Korea–Japan peninsula, plays a mediating role in transmitting the GRESIA signal towards the Korean peninsula. Although, the anomalies of equatorial central Pacific SSTs and eastern Eurasian snow play a crucial role in modulating IMR and KMR respectively, the GRESIA variability also plays a dominant role in modulating the monsoon variability over both the regions. Thus, a combination of autumn GRESIA along with SSTs over the central Pacific and snow over the eastern Eurasia, may possibly serve as a unique precursor to presage Asia’s two diverse regional subsystems.

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Acknowledgements

The first author wishes to acknowledge the support of Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea for providing the necessary facilities. Amita Prabhu was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under the Grant KMIPA2015-6130 for her period of stay in Korea from January–December 2016. IITM is fully supported by Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Govt. of India. The first author also wishes to thank Director IITM and MoES for permitting her to avail the assignment in South Korea. Authors are also grateful to NCEP-NCAR, NOAA, NSIDC and CRU for freely providing their data products and the Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) software for the plots. Last but not the least; the authors are immensely grateful to anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions towards improvement of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea

    Amita Prabhu, Jaiho Oh & In-won Kim

  2. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pune, 411008, India

    Amita Prabhu & G. Pandithurai

  3. International CLIVAR Monsoon Project Office, IITM, Pune, India

    R. H. Kripalani

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Prabhu, A., Oh, J., Kim, Iw. et al. SMMR-SSM/I derived Greenland Sea ice variability: links with Indian and Korean Monsoons. Clim Dyn 50, 1023–1043 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3659-0

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