Abstract
The rhizosphere is viewed as a deterministic environment led by the interaction between plants and microorganisms. In the case of semi-arid plants, this interaction is strengthened by the harshness of the environment. We tested the hypothesis that dry season represents a constraint on the bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere from semi-arid plants. To accomplish this, we sampled two leguminous species at five locations during the dry and rainy seasons in the Caatinga biome and characterised bacterial community structures using qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that the main differences between seasons were due to reduced phylogenetic diversity caused by dryness. Variation partitioning indicated that environmental characteristics significant impacts in β-diversity. Additionally, distance decay relationship and taxa area relationship indicate a higher spatial turnover at the rainy season. During the dry season, decreased bacterial abundance is likely due to the selection of resistant or resilient microorganisms; with the return of the rain, the sensitive populations start to colonise the rhizosphere by a process that is strongly influenced by environmental characteristics. Thus, we propose that the reduction of PD and strong influence of environmental parameters on the assemblage of these communities make them prone to functional losses caused by climatic disturbances.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support of Cosme Corrêa dos Santos (UEFS) and Jorge Yoshio Tamashiro (University of Campinas) in identifying the plant species Mimosa tenuiflora and Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, respectively. RGT was a recipient of a postdoctoral grant from FAPESP (2010/50799-7). This study was supported by Embrapa. The authors thank João Luiz da Silva, Dr. Rodrigo Mendes and Dr. Suikinai Santos for their support during sampling.
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This project was conducted with the authorisation of the Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), process number 02001.004527/2011-90, and did not involve endangered or protected species.
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Appendix S1 Variation partitioning of bacterial community composition using partial redundancy analysis (RDA).
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Taketani, R.G., Lançoni, M.D., Kavamura, V.N. et al. Dry Season Constrains Bacterial Phylogenetic Diversity in a Semi-Arid Rhizosphere System. Microb Ecol 73, 153–161 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0835-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0835-4