Abstract
To evaluate the antioxidant potential of Lactobacillus casei Zhang (L. casei Zhang), we use hyperlipidemic rat as a model induced by high-fat diet. And then, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels of the plasma, and SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, total antioxidant capability (T-AOC), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) of the 10% liver homogenate were determined. Except normal and hyperlipidemic control, normal prevention group (2 × 109 CFU/d of L. casei Zhang for oral administration) and three different doses of therapeutic groups (2.0 × 108, 2.0 × 109 and 2.0 × 1010 CFU/d of L. casei Zhang, respectively) were involved. Results analysis revealed that normal prevention group showed a non-significant effect on various antioxidant indexes. For therapeutic groups, supplementation of L. casei Zhang significantly decreased MDA levels (P < 0.01), whereas SOD (P < 0.05) and GSH-Px (P < 0.01) significantly increased both in serum and liver of hyperlipidemic rats. Hepatic activities of GPT and GOT were obviously reduced (P < 0.01), while T-AOC (P < 0.01) was obviously promoted by L. casei Zhang. Especially, some antioxidant indexes could recover to normal level. Antioxidative effect of L. casei Zhang was more effective for hyperlipidemic rat than normal rat. In addition, application of different therapeutic doses had variant effects on hyperlipidemic rats, and most indexes were slight except liver GSH-Px activities. It is suggested that L. casei Zhang might help to alleviate oxidative stress, as they appeared to reduce lipid peroxidation and improved lipid metabolism both in blood and liver with hyperlipidemic in vivo.
References
Coenen KR, Hasty AH (2007) Obesity potentiates development of fatty liver and insulin resistance, but not atherosclerosis, in high-fat diet-fed agouti LDLR-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293:492–499
Yang RL, Shi YH, Hao G, Li W, Le GW (2008) Increasing oxidative stress with progressive hyperlipidemia in human: relation between Malondialdehyde and Atherogenic index. J Clin Biochem Nutr 43:154–158
Kullisaar T, Zilmer M, Mikelsaar M, Vihalemm T, Annuk H, Kairane C, Kilk A (2002) Two antioxidative lactobacilli strains as promising probiotics. Int J Food Microbiol 72:215–224
Araujo FB, Barbosa DS, Hsin CY, Maranhão RC, Abdalla DS (1995) Evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis 117:61–71
Ishii N (2000) Oxidative stress and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Res 33:857–864
Muller FL, Lustgarten MS, Jang Y, Richardson A, Van Remmen H (2007) Trends in oxidative aging theories. Free Radic Biol Med 43:477–503
Metchnikoff E (1908) The prolongation of life. Putnam, New York
Cuzzocrea S, Zingarelli B, Gilard E, Hake P, Salzman AL, Szabo C (1998) Anti-inflammatory effects of mercaptoethylguanidine, a combined inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite scavenger, in carrageenan-induced models of inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 24:450–459
Cani PD, Delzenne NM, Amar J, Burcelin R (2008) Role of gut microflora in the development of obesity and insulin resistance following high-fat diet feeding. Pathol Biol (Paris) 56:305–309
Guarner F, Malagelada JR (2003) Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet 361:512–519
Tao Y, Drabik KA, Waypa TS, Musch MW, Alverdy JC, Schneewind O et al (2006) Soluble factors from Lactobacillus GG activate MAPKs and induce cytoprotective heat shock proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290:1018–1030
Mikelsaar M, Zilmer M (2009) Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3—an antimicrobial and antioxidative probiotic. Microb Ecol Health Dis 21:1–27
Wang YC, Yu RC, Chou CC (2006) Antioxidative activities of soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria. Food Microbiol 23:128–135
Lee J, Hwang KT, Chung MY, Cho DH, Park CS (2005) Resistance of Lactobacillus casei KCTC 3260 to reactive oxygen species (ROS): role for a metal ion chelating effect. J Food Sci 70:388–391
Wu R, Wang L, Wang J, Li H, Menghe B, Wu J, Guo M, Zhang H (2009) Isolation and preliminary probiotic selection of Lactobacilli from koumiss in Inner Mongolia. J Basic Microbiol 49:318–326
Ya T, Zhang Q, Chu F, Merritt J, Bilige M, Sun T, Du R, Zhang H (2008) Immunological evaluation of Lactobacillus casei Zhang: a newly isolated strain from koumiss in Inner Mongolia, China. BMC Immunol 9:68
Zhang H, Zhang Q, Ren G, Bao Q (2007) The antagonism of Lactobacillus casei Zhang to pathogenic Escherichia coli in mice and the influence on the microbial population in gut. Microbiol China 5:63–68
Wu R, Wang W, Yu D, Zhang W, Li Y, Sun Z, Wu J, Meng H, Zhang H (2009) Proteomics analysis of Lactobacillus casei Zhang, a new probiotic bacterium isolated from traditional home-made koumiss in Inner Mongolia of China. Mol Cell Proteomics 8:2321–2338
Friel JK, Friesen RW, Harding SV, Roberts LJ (2004) Evidence of oxidative stress in full-term healthy infants. Pediatr Res 56:878–882
FAO/WHO (2001) Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with livelactic acid bacteria. Cordoba, Argentina, 1–4 October 2001. ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/food/probio_report_en.pdf
Grajek W, Olejnik A, Sip A (2005) Probiotics, prebiotics and antioxidants as functional foods. Acta Biochim Pol 52:665–671
Baskol G, Baskol M, Kocer D (2007) Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in serum of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Biochem 40:776–780
Turgut G, Enli Y, Kaptanoğlu B, Turgut S, Genç O (2006) Changes in the levels of MDA and GSH in mice serum, liver and spleen after aluminum administration. East J Med 11:7–12
Wang AN, Yi XW, Yu HF, Dong B, Qiao SY (2009) Free radical scavenging activity of Lactobacillus fermentum in vitro and its antioxidative effect on growing-finishing pigs. J Appl Microbiol 107:1140–1148
Chen L, Pan DD, Zhou J, Jiang YZ (2005) Protective effect of selenium-enriched Lactobacillus on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice and its possible mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 11:5795–5800
Kim JH, Kim HJ, Son JH, Chun HN, Kim SK, Yang JO, Choi SJ, Paek NS, Choi GH (2003) Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum MG590 on alcohol metabolism and liver function in rats. J Microbiol Biotechnol 13:919–925
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University Press, New York
Lin MY, Yen CL (1999) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. J Agric Food Chem 47:3661–3664
Gil L, Siems W, Mazurek B, Gross J, Schroeder P, Voss P, Grune T (2006) Age-associated analysis of oxidative stress parameters in human plasma and erythrocytes. Free Radic Res 40:495–505
Osman N, Adawi D, Molin G, Ahrne S, Berggren A, Jeppsson B (2006) Bifidobacterium infantis strains with and without a combination of oligofructose and inulin (OFI) attenuate inflammation in DSS-induced colitis in rats. BMC Gastroenterol 28:31
Lutgendorff F, Nijmeijer RM, Sandström PA, Trulsson LM, Magnusson KE, Timmerman HM, van Minnen LP, Rijkers GT, Gooszen HG, Akkermans LM, Söderholm JD (2009) Probiotics prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction in acute pancreatitis in rats via induction of ileal mucosal glutathione biosynthesis. PLoS One 4:4512
Xing HC, Li LJ, Xu KJ, Shen T, Chen YB, Sheng JF, Chen Y, Fu SZ, Chen CL, Wang JG, Yan D, Dai FW, Zheng SS (2006) Protective role of supplement with foreign Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in experimental hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21:647–656
Li Y, Huang TT, Carlson EJ, Melov S, Ursell PC, Olson JL, Noble LJ, Yoshimura MP, Berger C, Chan PH, Wallace DC, Epstein CJ (1995) Dilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase. Nat Genet 11:376–381
Talwalkar A, Kailasapathy K (2003) Metabolic and biochemical responses of probiotic bacteria to oxygen. J Dairy Sci 86:2537–2546
Villarini M, Caldini G, Moretti M, Trotta F, Pasquini R, Cenci G (2008) Modulatory activity of a Lactobacillus casei strain on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced genotoxicity in rats. Environ Mol Mutagen 49:192–199
Tsai TY, Chu LH, Lee CL, Pan TM (2009) Atherosclerosis-preventing activity of lactic acid bacteria-fermented milk–soymilk supplemented with momordica charantia. J Agric Food Chem 57:2065–2071
Esposito LA, Kokoszka JE, Waymire KG, Cottrell B, MacGregor GR, Wallace DC (2000) Mitochondrial oxidative stress in mice lacking the glutathione peroxidase-1 gene. Free Radic Biol Med 28:754–766
Son VM, Chang CC, Wu MC, Guu YK, Chiu CH, Cheng W (2009) Dietary administration of the probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum, enhanced the growth, innate immune responses, and disease resistance of the grouper Epinephelus coioides. Fish Shellfish Immunol 26:691–698
Strompfova V, Marcinakova M, Gancarcikova S, Jonecova Z, Scirankova L, Cuba P, Koscova J, Boldizarova K, Laukova A (2005) New probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum ADI and its effect in Japanese quail. Vet Med Czech 50:415–420
Önning G, Berggren A, Drevelius M, Jeppsson B, Lindberg AM, Johansson Hagslätt ML (2003) Influence of a drink containing different antioxidants and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on plasma total antioxidant capacity, selenium status and faecal microbial flora. Int J Food Sci Nutr 54:281–289
Harding SV, Fraser KG, Wykes LJ (2008) Probiotics stimulate liver and plasma protein synthesis in piglets with dextran sulfate-induced colitis and macronutrient restriction. J Nutr 138:2129–2135
Knapen MF, van der Wildt B, Sijtsma EG, Peters WH, Roelofs HM, Steegers EA (1999) Glutathione S-transferase Alpha 1–1 and aminotransferases in umbilical cord blood. Early Hum Dev 54:129–135
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (2007AA10Z353) and the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System of China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Y., Du, R., Wang, L. et al. The antioxidative effects of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang on the hyperlipidemic rats. Eur Food Res Technol 231, 151–158 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-010-1255-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-010-1255-1