Abstract
With the advances in computer technology nowadays, the virtual manufacturing technology has provided a new way in casting process design. In this study, a virtual reality system of casting production process named VR-Casting has been developed. The full range of virtual display about the casting process has been revealed under the network environment. Several key technologies applied in VR-Casting were introduced in this paper, such as a novel network running environment, the latest Web3D drawing standard named WebGL, levels of detail technology used for rendering on demand, and the detection and updating technology in the casting motions. Based on the above technologies, different 3D models and the virtual panoramic scene were established. Motion schema and user interface of the casting process was delicately designed to enable the system a better interactivity. The latest internet graphics standard WebGL was used to render the models. As VR-Casting is characterized as lightweight and cross-platform, it offers access to the visualization for various platforms and devices. The demonstration delivers VR-Casting has a broad application prospect like exhibition, education, training, and process analysis. Some tests were implemented on different devices, and the results demonstrated VR-Casting has a splendid performance when conducting tests on rendering models. When using VR-Casting, observer has a certain sense of immersion with arbitrarily adjusting of the observation angle and even watches deeply into the interior of the casts. Thus, observer can master the details in a more comprehensive and diverse way during the casting process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ferreira JC (2006) A study of advanced die-casting technology integrating CAD/RP/FEA for Zn castings. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 31(3–4):235–243
Wang YC, Li DY, Peng YH, Zeng XQ (2007) Numerical simulation of low pressure die casting of magnesium wheel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 32(3–4):257–264
Gramegna N, Corte ED, Poles S (2011) Manufacturing process simulation for product design chain optimization. Mater Manuf Process 26(3):527–533
Allison J, Li M, Wolverton C, Su XM (2006) Virtual aluminum castings: an industrial application of ICME. JOM 58(11):28–35
Hamilton RW, Lee PD, Dashwood RJ, Lindley TC (2005) Optimisation of a cast one-step forging operation by virtual processing. Mater Des 26(1):29–36
Lin BT, Kuo CC (2008) Application of an integrated CAD/CAE/CAM system for stamping dies for automobiles. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 35(9–10):1000–1013
Chen LQ, Liu LJ, Jia ZX, Li JQ, Wang YQ, Hu NB (2013) Method for improvement of die-casting die: combination use of CAE and biomimetic laser process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68(9–12):2841–2848
Yue SH, Wang GX, Yin F, Wang YX, Yang JB (2003) Application of an integrated CAD/CAE/CAM system for die casting dies. J Mater Process Technol 139(1–3):465–468
Grigore C, Burdea PC (2003) Virtual reality technology. Wiley-IEEE Press, New York
Her MG, Hsu KS, Yu WS (2002) Analysis and design of a haptic control system: virtual reality approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 19(10):743–751
Jimeno A, Puerta A (2007) State of the art of the virtual reality applied to design and manufacturing processes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 33(9–10):866–874
Bruno F, Caruso F, Li KZ, Milite A, Muzzupappa M (2009) Dynamic simulation of virtual prototypes in immersive environment. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 43(5–6):620–630
Yu TB, Zhang XW, Liang WL, Wang WS (2013) A web-based virtual system for turn-milling center. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 67(9–12):2395–2409
Liang JS (2010) An approach for generating a tasks schedule model in web-based virtual manufacturing system of screw threads. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 46(5–8):737–755
Ma B, Guo ZY, Zhou HM, Li DQ (2007) Virtual plastic injection molding based on virtual reality technique. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 31(11–12):1092–1100
Liang JS (2007) A web-based 3D virtual technologies for developing product information framework. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 34(5–6):617–630
Zhou HM, Shi SX, Ma B (2009) A virtual injection molding system based on numerical simulation. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 40(3–4):297–306
Gracia J, Bayo E (2013) Integrated 3D web application for structural analysis software as a service. J Comput Civil Eng 27(2):159–166
Evans A, Romeo M, Bahrehmand A, Agenjo J, Blat J (2014) 3D graphics on the web: a survey. Comput Graph-Uk 41:43–61
Chittaro L, Ranon R (2007) Web3D technologies in learning, education and training: motivations, issues, opportunities. Comput Educ 49(1):3–18
Vezzetti E (2009) Product lifecycle data sharing and visualisation: web-based approaches. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 41(5–6):613–630
WebGL - OpenGL ES 2.0 for the Web. http://www.khronos.org/webgl/ Accessed 14 Sept 2014
Agenjo J, Evans A, Blat J (2013) WebGLStudio - a pipeline for WebGL scene creation. Proceedings of 18th international conference on 3D web technology:79–82. ACM
WebGL - 3D canvas graphics. http://caniuse.com/webgl Accessed 9 Sept 2014
Morala-Arguello P, Barreiro J, Alegre E (2012) A evaluation of surface roughness classes by computer vision using wavelet transform in the frequency domain. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 59(1–4):213–220
Aubel A, Boulic R, Thalmann D (2000) Real-time display of virtual humans: levels of details and impostors. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 10(2):207–217
Maropoulos PG, Muelaner JE, Summers MD, Martin OC (2014) A new paradigm in large-scale assembly-research priorities in measurement assisted assembly. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 70(1–4):621–633
Mustiere S, Devogele T (2008) Matching networks with different levels of detail. GeoInformatica 12(4):435–453
Zhang L, Snavely N, Curless B, Seitz SM (2004) Spacetime faces: high resolution capture for modeling and animation. ACM Trans Graph 23(3):548–558
Pohit G (2006) Application of virtual manufacturing in generation of gears. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 31(1–2):85–91
Casas D, Tejera M, Guillemaut JY, Hilton A (2013) Interactive animation of 4D performance capture. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 19(5):762–773
Li JG, Zhouyang HS, Lou YJ (2013) Tool path optimization in postprocessor of five-axis machine tools. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68(9–12):2683–2691
Introducing JSON. http://www.json.org/ Accessed 8 Sept 2014
Torrisi N, Oliveira J (2012) Remote monitoring for high-speed CNC processes over public IP networks using CyberOPC. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 60(1–4):191–200
JSON model format 3. https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/wiki/JSON-Model-format-3 Accessed 14 Jan 2015
three.js - JavaScript 3D library. http://threejs.org/ Accessed 14 Sept 2014
Three.JS walking map. http://ushiroad.com/3j/ Accessed 14 Sept 2014
Zhao Q, Wan L, Feng W, Zhang JW, Wong TT (2013) Cube2Video: navigate between cubic panoramas in real-time. IEEE Trans Multimedia 15(8):1745–1754
Hurst W, Van Wezel C (2013) Gesture-based interaction via finger tracking for mobile augmented reality. Multimed Tools Appl 62(1):233–258
The gzip home page. http://www.gzip.org/ Accessed 12 Nov 2014
ASUS. http://www.asus.com/ Accessed 12 Nov 2014
Apple. http://www.apple.com/ Accessed 12 Nov 2014
Samsung. http://www.samsung.com/ Accessed 12 Nov 2014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, F., Zhang, Z., Liao, D. et al. A lightweight and cross-platform Web3D system for casting process based on virtual reality technology using WebGL. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 80, 801–816 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7050-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7050-1