Abstract
The answer is YES. The hallmark of successful schooling is the creation of portable skills and efficiency in future learning. This paper examines the linkages between and within levels of schooling, and between education in schools and apprenticeships and other forms of work-associated training. It shows that elementary schooling is of too great a vocational importance to risk feeding children vocationalism. School-work programmes are rarely effective pedagogy, but theory is an important element in apprenticeships. Quality counts heavily whatever the educational content and setting. And the ‘general’ elements in skill development are critical for both individuals and societies in a world of change.
Zusammenfassung
Die Antwort auf die Frage, ob bei den bestehenden Verbindungen zwischen allgemeiner und berufsbezogener Bildung, die eine die andere verbessert, ist ja. Als Anzeichen für eine erfolgreiche Schulbildung gelten übertragbare Fähigkeiten sowie Effizienz beim späteren Lernen. In diesem Bericht werden die Verknüpfungen zwischen den und innerhalb der verschiedenen Schulebenen, zwischen Erziehung an Schulen und in der Lehre und anderen Formen von berufsbezogener Ausbildung untersucht. Es wird der Beweis erbracht, daß die Elementarschule von zu großer berufsorientierter Wichtigkeit ist, um das Risiko einzugehen, Kinder mit berufsbetonten Programmen zu überfrachten. Schulprogramme zur Berufsbildung sind nur selten pädagogisch wirksam, während die Theorie einen wichtigen Bestandteil der Lehre bildet. Der Qualität wird ein hoher Stellenwert beigemessen, unabhängig von dem erzieherischen Inhalt und dem Umfeld. Darüberhinaus sind ‘allgemeine’ Elemente in der Entwicklung von Fähigkeiten für den Einzelnen als auch für ganze Gesellschaften in einer Welt, die sich im Wandel befindet, entscheidend.
Résumé
La réponse est oui. Une scolarité efficace est marquée par la transmission de compétences utiles et efficaces pour un apprentissage futur. Cet article examine les liens entre les niveaux de scolarité et au sein de ces niveaux, entre l'éducation dispensée par les écoles et un apprentissage ou d'autres types de formations axées sur le travail. Il montre que l'enseignement élémentaire est d'une importance trop grande pour la formation professionnelle pour risquer de surcharger le programme des enfants d'éléments professionels. Les programmes scolaires à vocation professionnelle sont rarement efficaces pédagogiquement, alors que la théorie constitue un élément capital dans un apprentissage. La qualité compte considérablement quels que soient les structures et les contenus éducatifs. En outre, les éléments généraux du développement technique sont cruciaux pour les individus et les sociétés d'un monde en mutation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, C.A. ‘Patterns and Variability in the Distribution of Schooling’. In Anderson, C.A. and Bowman, M.J. (eds.)Education and Economic Development. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1965, pp. 347–362.
Anderson, C.A. ‘A Skeptical Note on the Relation of Vertical Mobility to Education’.American Journal of Sociology. 66 (1961), No. 6, pp. 560–570.
Armytage, W.H.G. ‘Education and Innovative Ferment in England’. In Anderson, C.A. and Bowman, M.J. (eds.)op. cit., pp. 376–393.
Becker, G.S.Human Capital. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1975. (Original version published in 1964.)
Benson, C. ‘The Planning of Vocational Education’. In Psacharopoulos, G. (ed.)Economics of Education Research and Studies. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987, pp. 323–325.
Bowman, M.J. ‘From Guilds to Infant Training Industries’. In Anderson, C.A. and Bowman, M.J.op. cit., pp. 98–129.
Bowman, M.J. ‘Out-of-School Formation of Human Resources’. In Windham, D.M. (ed.)Economic Dimensions of Education. Report of a Committee of the National Academy of Education, 1979.
Bowman, M.J. ‘The “Relevance” of Education’. In Psacharopoulos, G. (ed.)op. cit.. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987, pp. 305–307.
Chung, B. I. ‘Consulting-Type In-Plant Training: An Alternative OJT Program for Developing Countries’. MA Thesis, Department of Education, University of Chicago. Processed, 1987.
Fuller, W.P. ‘More Evidence Supporting the Demise of Pre-Employment Vocational Training: A Case Study of a Factory in India’.Comparative Education Review. 20 (1976), No. 1, pp. 30–39.
Grubb, W.N. and Lazerson, M. ‘Rally Round the Workplace: Continuities and Fallacies in Career Education’.Harvard Educational Review. 45 (1975), No. 4, pp. 451–474.
Hyde, W.D.The Metropolitan Proprietary School. Lexington, MA: Heath Lexington Books, 1975.
King, K.,The African Artisan. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Centre of African Studies, 1975.
Lillis, K. and Hogen,D. ‘Dilemmas of Diversification: Problems Associated with Diversified Education in Developing Countries’.Comparative Education. 19 (1983), No. 1, pp. 89–108.
Mertens, D.M. ‘The Vocational Education Graduate in the Labor Market’.Phi Delta Kappa. 33 (1983), pp. 360–361.
Psacharopoulos, G. and Loxley, W.Diversified Secondary Education and Development. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press for the World Bank, 1985.
Puryear, J.Comparative Systems of Occupational Training in Colombia: The National Apprenticeship Service. University of Chicago doctoral dissertation, 1974.
Rosen, S. ‘Learning and Experience in the Labor Market’.Journal of Human Resources. 6 (1972), pp. 362–372.
Seybolt, R.F.Apprenticeship and Apprentice Education in Colonial New England and New York. New York: Teacher's College, Columbia University, 1917.
Seybolt, R.F.The Influence of Training and Education on the Value of Workmen and on the Comparative Eligibility of Educated and Uneducated Workmen for Employment. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1840.
Todd, E.S.Economic Implications of Secondary School Curricula. University of Chicago doctoral dissertation, 1969.
Velez, E. and Psacharopoulos, G. ‘The External Efficiency of Diversified Secondary Schools in Colombia’.Economics of Education Review. 6 (1987), No. 2, pp. 99–110.
Weisberg, A. ‘What Research Has to Say about Vocational Education and the High Schools.Phi Delta Kappa. 33 (1983), pp. 335–359.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bowman, M.J. Links between general and vocational education: Does the one enhance the other?. Int Rev Educ 34, 149–172 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01874543
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01874543