Abstract
First-row transition metals were tested in a flow reactor as promoters of sulfated zirconia for the isomerization ofn-butane at 373 K and 0.005 barn-butane partial pressure. The activity of each of the sulfated zirconia samples increased through a maximum and then decreased with time on stream. In order of increasing activity measured at the maximum, the effect of the promoters increased from right to left in the periodic table: zinc, nickel, cobalt, iron, and manganese. Iron and manganese increased the activity by. 2–3 orders of magnitude. The causes of the promoter action are not elucidated; the promoters may play noncatalytic roles as initiators.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E.J. Hollstein, J.T. Wei and C.-Y. Hsu, US Patent 4,918,04 (1990); 4,956,519 (1990);
C.-Y. Hsu, C.R. Heimbuch, C.T. Armes and B.C. Gates, Chem. Commun. (1992) 1645.
T.-K. Cheung, J.L. d'Itri and B.C. Gates, J. Catal. 151 (1995) 464.
V. Adeeva, J.W.de Haan, J. Jänchen, G.D. Lei, V. Schünemann, L.J. M. van de Ven, W.M.H. Sachtler and R.A. van Santen, J. Catal. 151 (1995) 364.
V. Adeeva, G.D. Lei and W.M.H. Sachtler, Appl. Catal. A 118 (1994) L11.
A. Jatia, C.C. Jason, J.D. Macleod, T. Okubo and M.E. Davis, Catal. Lett. 25 (1994) 21.
K.T. Wan, C.B. Khouw and M.E. Davis, J. Catal. 158 (1996) 311.
K. Ebitani, J. Konishi, A. Horie, H. Hattori and K. Tanabe in:Acid Base Catalysis, eds. K. Tanabe, H. Hattori, T. Yamaguchi and T. Tanaka (Kodansha, Tokyo, 1989).
M. Hino and K. Arata, Chem. Commun. (1995) 789.
M. Hino and K. Arata, Catal. Lett. 30 (1995) 25.
D.E. Resasco, M.A. Coelho, E. Sikabwe and R.L. White, poster presented at North American Catalysis Society Meeting, Snowbird, Utah, 1995.
E.C. Sikabwe, M.A. Coelho, D.E. Resasco and R.L. White, Catal. Lett. 34 (1995) 23.
R. Srinivasan, R.A. Keogh and B.H. Davis, Appl. Catal. A 130 (1995) 135.
M.A. Coelho, D.E. Resasco, E.C. Sikabwe and R.L. White, Catal. Lett. 32 (1995) 253.
J.C. Yori and J.M. Parera, Appl. Catal. A 29 (1995) 83.
T.-K. Cheung, J.L. d'Itri and B.C. Gates, J. Catal. 153 (1995) 344.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lange, F.C., Cheung, T.K. & Gates, B.C. Manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and zinc as promoters of sulfated zirconia forn-butane isomerization. Catal Lett 41, 95–99 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00811719
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00811719