References
Abelson, R. P. Psychological status of the script concept.American Psychologist, 1981,36, 715–729.
Adams, M. Studies of oral conversation in relation to written texts. In B. Starr (Ed.).Progress Report 2 on the BBN Group of the Center for the Study of Reading (BBN Report No. 4106). Cambridge, MA: Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, 1979.
Arter, J., and Jenkins, J. R. Differential diagnosis—prescriptive teaching: A critical appraisal.Review of Educational Research, 1979,49, 517–556.
Bartlett, F. C.Remembering. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1932.
Berger, N. Why can’t John read? Perhaps he’s not a good listener.Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1978,11, 633–638.
Bobrow, D. G., and Norman, D. A. Some principles of memory schemata. In D. G. Bobrow and A. Collins (Eds.).Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science. New York: Academic Press, 1975.
Bower, G., Black, J., and Turner, T. Scripts in memory for text.Cognitive Psychology, 1979,11, 177–220.
Cazden, C. B.Child Language and Education. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972.
Chase, J. H.No Orchids for Miss Blandish. New York: Avon, 1961.
Clark, H. H., and Clark, E.V.Psychology and Language. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977.
Clymer, T., Bissett, D.J., and Wulfing, G.Inside Out. (Level 9 reader, 720 series). Lexington, MA: Ginn, 1976.
Craik, F., and Lockhart, R. Levels of processing: A framework for memory research.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. 1972,11, 123–136.
Cromer, W. The difference model: A new explanation for some reading difficulties.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1970,61, 471–483.
Crothers, E.Paragraph Structure Inference. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex, 1979.
Danks, J. M. Comprehension in listening and reading: Same or different?Report of the Interdisciplinary Institute in Reading and Child Development. University of Delaware, 1974.
Durrell Listening-Reading Series: Combined Listening and Reading Texts. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970.
Eisenberg, L. Reading disorders: Strategies for recognition and management.Bulletin of The Orton Society, 1979, 29, 39–55.
Frederiksen, C. Effects of context-induced processing operations on semantic information acquired from discourse.Cognitive Psychology, 1975, 7:139–166.
Frederiksen, C.Inference and the structure of children’s discourse. Paper presented at the Symposium on the Development of Discourse Processing Skills. New Orleans: Society for Research in Child Development, 1977.
Gelman, R., and Shatz, M. Appropriate speech adjustment: The operation of conversational constraints on talk to two-year-olds. In M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.).Conversation, Interaction, and the Development of Language, New York: Wiley, 1976.
Gibson, E., and Levin, H.The Psychology of Reading. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1975.
Gleason, J. B. Code-switching in children’s language. In T. E. Moore (Ed.).Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language. New York: Academic Press, 1973.
Golinkoff, R. Comprehension in good and poor readers.Reading Research Quarterly, 1975–1976,4, 623–659.
Goodman, K. S. Reading: A psycholinguist guessing game.Journal of the Reading Specialist, 1976,4, 126–135.
Gough, P. B. One second of reading. In J. F. Kavanagh and I. G. Mattingly (Eds.).Language By Ear and By Eye. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1972.
Grice, H. P. Logic and conversation. In P. Cole and J. L. Morgan (Eds.).Studies in Syntax (Vol. 3). New York: Seminar Press, 1975.
Guthrie, J. T. Reading comprehension and syntactic responses in good and poor readers.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1973,65, 294–299.
Halliday, M.Cohesion and register. Paper presented at the meetings of the American Educational Research Association, Boston, 1980.
Halliday, M.A.K., and Hasan, R.Cohesion in English. London: Longman, 1976.
Hammill, D., and Bartel, N.Teaching Children with Learning and Behavior Problems. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1975.
Haviland, S.E., and Clark, H.H. Comprehension and the given-new contract. In R. Freedie and J. B. Carroll (Eds.).Language Comprehension and the Acquisition of Knowledge. Washington, D.C.: Winston, 1972.
Hildyard, A., and Olson, D. R. Memory and inference in comprehension of oral and written discourse.Discourse Processes, 1978,1, 91–117.
Horowitz, M. W., and Berkowitz, A. Listening and reading, speaking and writing: An experimental investigation of differential acquisition and reproduction of memory.Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1967,24, 207–215.
Jarvella, R. J. Syntactic processing of connected speech.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1971,10, 409–416.
Jenkins, J., Barksdale, A., and Clinton, L. Improving reading comprehension and oral reading: Generalizations across behaviors, settings, and time.Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1978,11, 5–15.
Johnson, D., and Myklebust, H.Learning Disabilities: Educational Principles and Practices. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1967.
Kaufman, A. S.Intelligent Testing with the WISC-R. New York: Wiley, 1979.
Kavanagh, J. F., and Mattingly, I. G. (Eds.)Language By Ear and By Eye, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1972.
Kintsch, W. On comprehending stories. In M. Just and P. Carpenter (Eds.).Cognitive Processes in Comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1977.
Kintsch, W. On modeling comprehension.Educational Psychologist, 1979,14, 3–14.
Kintsch, W., and van Dijk, T. Toward a model of text comprehension and production.Psychological Review, 1978,85, 363–394.
LaBerge, D., and Samuels, S. J. Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading.Cognitive Psychology, 1974,6, 293–323.
MacGinitie, W. H. What do published comprehension lessons teach? InProceedings, Reading ’79. Toronto: York University.
Mandler, J. M., and Johnson, N. S. Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall.Cognitive Psychology, 1977,9, 111–151.
Maria, K., and MacGinitie, W. H.Prior knowledge as a handicapping condition. Paper presented at the Fourth International Colloquium in School Psychology, Jerusalem, 1980.
Marshall, N., and Glock, M. Comprehension of connected discourse: A study into the relationships between the structure of text and information recalled.Reading Research Quarterly, 1978–1979,14, 10–56.
Marslen-Wilson, W., and Welsh, A. Processing interactions and lexical access during word recognition in continuous speech.Cognitive Psychology, 1978,10, 29–63.
Mattis, S., French, J. H., and Rapin, I. Dyslexia in children and young adults: Three independent neuropsychological syndromes.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1975,17, 150–163.
Meyers, J., and Zinar, S.Cognitive styles in reading comprehension and picture interpretation. Unpublished manuscript, 1979.
Nix, D. H.Toward a systematic description of some experiential aspects of children’s reading comprehension. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1977.
Oaken, R., Weiner, M., and Cromer, W. Identification, organization, and reading comprehension for good and poor readers.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1971,62, 71–78.
Olson, D. R. From utterance to text: The bias of language in speech and writing.Harvard Educational Review, 1977,47, 257–281.
Paris, S., and Upton, L. Children’s memory for inferential relationships in prose.Child Development, 1976,47, 660–668.
Pearson, P. D.The effect of background knowledge on young children’s comprehension of explicit and implicit information (Tech. Rep. No. 116). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading, 1979.
Perfetti, C., and Goldman, S. Discourse memory and reading comprehension skill.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1976,15, 33–42.
Perfetti, C., and Hogaboam, T. The relationship between single word decoding and reading comprehension skill.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1975,67, 461–469.
Piaget, J., and Inhelder, B.The Child’s Conception of Space, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1956.
Pichert, J. W., and Anderson, R. C. Taking different perspectives on a story.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1977,69, 309–315.
Rubin, A.A theoretical taxonomy of the differences between oral and written language (Tech. Rep. No. 35). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading, 1978.
Rumelhart, D. E. Notes on a schema for stories. In D. G. Bobrow and A. M. Collins (Eds.).Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science. New York: Academic Press, 1975.
Rumelhart, D. E. Toward an interactive model of reading. In S. Dornic (Ed.).Attention and Performance (Vol. 6). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1977.
Schallert, D. L., Kleiman, G. M., and Rubin, A.D.Differences between oral and written language (Tech. Rep. No. 29). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading, 1977.
Scribner, S. Modes of thinking and ways of speaking: Culture and logic reconsidered. In R. Freedle (Ed.).New Directions in Discourse Processing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1979.
Shankweiler, D., and Liberman, I.Y. Misreading: A search for causes. In J. F. Kavanagh and I. G. Mattingly (Eds.)Language By Ear and By Eye, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1972.
Smiley, S., Oakley, D., Worthen, D., Campione, J., and Brown, A. Recall of thematically relevant material of adolescent good and poor readers as a function of written vs. oral presentation.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1977,69, 381–387.
Snow, C. E. Mothers’ speech to children learning language.Child Development. 1972,43, 549–565.
Spiro, R. J.Etiology of reading comprehension style. (Tech. Rep. No. 124). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading, 1979.
Spiro, R. J., and Esposito, J.Superficial processing of explicit inference in text (Tech. Rep. No. 60). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading, 1977.
Spiro, R. J., and Smith, D.Patterns of Overreliance on Bottom-up and Top-down Processes in Children, In press.
Spiro, R. J., and Tirre, W. C. Individual differences in schema ultilization during discourse processing.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980,72, 204–208.
Stauffer, R.Directing Reading Maturity as a Cognitive Process. New York: Harper & Row, 1969.
Stein, N., and Glenn, C. An analysis of story comprehension in elementary school children. In R. Freedle (Ed.).New Directions in Discourse Processing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1979.
Sticht, T., Beck, L., Hauke, R., Kleiman, G., and James, J.Auding and Reading: A Developmental Model. Alexandria, VA: Human Resources Research Organization, 1974.
Tierney, R., Bridge, C., and Cera, M. J. The discourse processing operations of children.Reading Research Quarterly, 1978–1979,14, 539–573.
Torgeson, J. K. Memorization processes in reading disabled children.Journal of Educational Psychology, 1977,69, 571–578.
Torgeson, J. K., and Goldman, T. Verbal rehearsal and short-term memory in reading-disabled children.Child Development, 1977,48, 56–60.
Warren, W. H., Nicholas, D. W., and Trabasso, R. Event chains and inferences in understanding narratives. In R. O. Freedle.New Directions in Discourse Processing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1979.
Weaver, P., and Dickinson, D. Story comprehension and recall in dyslexic students.Bulletin of The Orton Society, 1979,29, 157–171.
Wilkinson, A. M.The Foundation of Language: Talking and Reading in Young Children. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
Winograd, T. A framework for understanding discourse. In P. Carpenter and M. Just (Eds.).Cognitive Processes in Comprehension. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum, 1977.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by Contract No. 300-77-0492 from the Office of Special Education of the United States Department of Education to the Research Institute for the Study of Learning Disabilities at Teachers College, Columbia University.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maria, K., MacGinitie, W.H. Reading comprehension disabilities: Knowledge structures and non-accommodating text processing strategies. Annals of Dyslexia 32, 31–59 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647952
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647952