Skip to main content
Log in

Generic interrelationships of theCardueae (Compositae): A cladistic analysis of morphological data

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A cladistic analysis of 45 genera ofCardueae for 75 characters is presented, taking into account characters of bracts, corolla, stamens, styles and cypselas. Forty-six binary characters completeBremer's (1994) work. Some of the characters considered byBremer are criticised. The traditionalCarlininae is a paraphyletic group, the ten genera studied sharing no common derived character. A new classification of theCardueae is proposed and the distribution of the tribe is presented. Several new combinations are proposed. The nomenclature ofCentaurea is discussed and the status of the genusSerratula is analysed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alavi, S. A., 1983:Asteraceae. — InJafri, S. M. H., El-Gadi, A., (Eds): Flora of Libya.107. — Tripolis: Al Faateh University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andre, P., 1961: Sur l'appareil pilifère des akènes de quelques Composées. — Bull. Soc. Bot. France108: 126–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Boissier, E., 1875: Flora Orientalis3. — Basel, Genève: Georg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, K., 1987: Tribal interrelationships of theAsteraceae. — Cladistics3: 210–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1989: Les Astéracées. — Recherche20: 864–874.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1994:Asteraceae: cladistics and classification. — Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bresinsky, A., 1963: Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltsstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmekochoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. — Biblioth. Bot.126.

  • Briquet, J., 1928: L'appareil staminal des Composées; structure et fonctions de ses diverses parties. — Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat.51: 208–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1930a: Les émergences et trichomes desCrupina. — Candollea4: 191–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1930b: Carpologie du genreCrupina. — Candollea4: 241–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • - 1931: GenreBerardia. — InBurnat, E., (Ed.): Flore des Alpes maritimes,7, pp. 235–244.

  • Candolle, A. P. De, 1838: Prodromus systemis naturalis regni vegetabilis.6 (Cynareae),7 (Cichoriaceae). — Paris.

  • Canto, P., 1984: Revisión del géneroSerratula L. (Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica. — Lazaroa6: 7–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassini, H., 1827: In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, pp. 47–510; 50–51.

  • Col, M. A., 1899a, b: Recherches sur l'appareil sécréteur interne chez les Composées. — J. Bot. (Morot)13: 234–252;15: 166–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1904a, b: Recherches sur l'appareil sécréteur interne chez les Composées. — J. Bot. (Morot)18: 110–133, 153–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Contessa, A. R., Fassina, G., 1978: Pharmacognosy ofAtractylis gummifera L. — InSanti, R., Luciani, S., (Eds): Atractyloside, chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology, pp. 1–12. — Padua: Piccin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Couderc, M., 1974: Origine hybride duCrupina intermedia Briq. andCavill. — In: La Flore du Bassin méditerranéen: essai de systématique synthétique. — Colloq.235: 531–536. — Paris: C.N.R.S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronquist, A., 1955: Phylogeny and taxonomy of theCompositae. — Amer. Midl. Naturalist53: 478–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittrich, M., 1966: Karpologische Untersuchungen zur Systematik vonCentaurea und verwandten Gattungen. 1–2. — Bot. Jahrb. Syst.88: 70–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1969: Anatomische Untersuchungen an den Früchten vonCarthamus L. undCarduncellus Adans. (Compositae). — Candollea24: 263–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1970: Morphologische und anatomische Untersuchungen an den Früchten derCarduinae (Compositae). I. Morphologischer Teil. — Candollea25: 45–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1977:Cynareae, systematic review. — InHeywood, V. H., Harborne, J. B., Turner, B. L., (Eds): The biology and chemistry of theCompositae, pp. 999–1015. — London, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1985: Morphologische und anatomische Untersuchungen an Blüten und Früchten der GattungCarlina (Compositae). 1. Teil. — Bot. Jahrb. Syst.107: 591–609.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1987:Tugarinovia, eine mongolische Carlineen-Sippe? — Bot. Jahrb. Syst.108: 167–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dormer, K. J., 1962: The fibrous layers in the anthers of theCompositae. — New Phytol.61: 150–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dupont, P., 1990: Atlas partiel de la flore de France, pl. 246–253. — Paris: Musée National d'Histoire. Naturelle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farris, J. S., 1988: Hennig86. Program and documentation. — New York.

  • Favre-Duchartre, M., Louant, B. P., Tilquin, J.-P., 1979: Durée de vie et organisation du sac embryonnaire au sein de l'ovule deCichorium intybus L. (Compositae) et théorie taxalienne. — Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci., Sér. D: 331–334.

  • Felsenstein, J., 1988: Phylip 3.2. manual and package. — Berkeley, California: University of California Herbarium.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, H., Jensen, U., 1990: Phytoserological investigation of the tribeCardueae s. l. (Compositae). — Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl.4: 99–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fourment, P., Stanislas, E., Rouzet, M., 1957: Carpologie du Galactite tomenteux. — Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N.49: 306–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franco, J. do A., 1976:Onopordum. — InTutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., Webb, D. A., (Eds): Flora Europaea,4, pp. 245–248. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Froebe, H. A., Classen, R., 1987: Kritische Evaluation zur Deutung der Spreublattkomplexe vonCarlina L. — Flora179: 445–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardou, C., 1972: Recherches biosystématiques sur la sectionJacea Cass. — Feddes Repert.83: 311–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grau, J., 1980: Die Testa derMutisieae und ihre systematische Bedeutung. — Mitt. Bot. Staatssamm. München16: 269–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gremaud, M., 1981: Recherches de taxonomie expérimentale sur leCarduus defloratus L. s. l. — Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég.4: 1–75; 111–171; 207–268, 341–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grierson, A. J. C., 1974:Amphoricarpos. — InDavis, P. H., (Ed.): Flora of Turkey. — Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanelt, P., 1963: Monographische Übersicht der GattungCarthamus L. — Feddes Repert.67: 41–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, R., 1938: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Zwillingshaare der Compositen. — Bot. Jahrb. Syst.68: 435–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann, O., 1894:Compositae. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, IV/5, pp. 87–387. — Leipzig: Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holub, J., 1977: New names inPhanerogamae 5. — Folia Geobot. Phytotax.12: 298, 305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, C. J., 1981: Biogeographical methods and the southern beeches. — InForey, R. L., (Ed.): The evolving biosphere, pp. 283–297. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1984: Cladistic biogeography. — Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iljin, M. M., 1962:Jurinea Cass. — In: Flora USSR.27, pp. 538–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaubert, L., Spach, E., 1848: GenreAcantholepis. — InJaubert, L., Spach, E.: Illustrationes plantarum orientalium,3, pp. 99–101. — Paris: Roret.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, R. K., Palmer, J. D., 1987a: A chloroplast DNA inversion marks an ancient evolutionary split in sunflower family (Asteraceae). — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA84: 5818–5822.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1987b: Chloroplast DNA from Lettuce andBarnadesia (Asteraceae): structure, gene localization, and characterisation of a large inversion. — Curr. Genet.11: 533–564.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karis, P. O., Källersjö, M., Bremer, K., 1992: Phylogenetic analysis of theCichorioideae. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.79: 416–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K. J., Jansen, R. K., Wallace, R. S., Michaels, H. J., Palmer, J. D., 1992: Phylogenetic implications of rbcL sequence variation in theAsteraceae. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.79: 428–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, J., 1987: Untersuchungen zur Morphologie der Involukral- und Spreublätter der GattungCarlina. — Flora179: 17–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1972: Zur Blattfolge und Blattbildung einiger Cynareen-Gattungen. 2.Acantholepis, Xeranthemum, Chardina, Siebera, Amphoricarpos. — Feddes Repert.83: 289–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavialle, M. P., 1912: Recherches sur le développement de l'ovaire en fruit chez les Composées. — Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.15: 39–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lessing, C. F., 1832: Synopsis generumCompositarum. — Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnaeus, K., 1753: Species Plantarum. — Stockholm.

  • Löve, A., Löve, D., 1961: Chromosome numbers of central and northwest European plant species. — Opera Bot.5: 341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, C. R., Chalk, L., 1957: Anatomy of the Dicotyledons,2: pp. 782–804. — Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meusel, H., Kohler, E., 1960: Die Blattbildung vonCarlina vulgaris L. — Bot. Jahrb. Syst.79: 102–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1990: Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln. Monographie der mediterran-mitteleuropaïschen Compositen—GattungCarlina. 1. Merkmalsspektren und Lebensräume der Gattung. — Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr.127: 1–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobbe, F., 1876: Handbuch der Samenkunde. — Berlin.

  • Petit, D. P., 1987: Analyse cladistique du genreAtractylis L. (Compositae, Cardueae). — Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot.134: 165–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1988a: Le genreEchinops L. 1. Position phylétique et interprétation de l'incapitulescence. — Candollea43: 467–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1988b: Révision des genresAtractylis, Carlina etChamaeleon (Compositae, Cardueae) au Maroc. — Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Adansonia4: 407–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1996: Early differentiation ofCardueae sensu lato: morphology and pollen. — InHind, D. J. N., Jeffrey, C., Pope, G. V., (Eds): Proceedings of the InternationalCompositae Conference, Kew, 1994,1, pp. 79–93. — Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poddubnaja-Arnoldi, W., 1931: Ein Versuch der Anwendung der embryologischen Methode bei der Lösung einiger systematischer Fragen. I. Vergleichende embryologisch-zytologische Untersuchungen über die GruppeCynareae, Fam.Compositae. — Beih. Bot. Centralbl. II,48: 141–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qaïd, A., 1990: Contribution palynologique à l'étude de la taxinomie du groupe des “Cynarées” (famille des Composées).1 &2. — Montpellier: Thèse Doct. Sc. U.S.T.L.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rechinger, K., 1979: Flora Iranica90. — Graz: Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seaman, F. C., Funk, V., 1983: Cladistic analysis of complex natural products: developping transformations series from sesquiterpene lactone data. — Taxon32: 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sernander, R., 1906: Entwurf einer Monographie der europäischen Myrmekochoren. — Kongl. Sevenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl.41(7): 1–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiele, E.-M., 1988: Bau und Funktion des Antheren-Griffel-Komplexes der Compositen. — Diss. Bot.117.

  • Valdes, B., Talavera, S., Galiano, E. F., (Eds), 1987: Flora vascular de Andalucía Occidental.4-3. — Barcelona: Ketres.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verlaque, R., 1984: Délimitation desDipsacaceae à l'intérieur desDipsacales: rapports avec les autres familles. — Rev. Gén. Bot.91: 18–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1985a: Caractères généraux desDipsacaceae. — Rev. Cytol. Biol. Végét. Bot.8: 117–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1985b: Tribus desKnautieae et desDipsaceae. — Rev. Cytol. Biol. Végét. Bot.8: 171–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1986a: Tribu desScabioseae. — Rev. Cytol. Biol. Végét. Bot.9: 5–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • , 1986b: Tribu desScabioseae et conclusions. — Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. Botaniste9: 97–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visiani, R. De, 1847: Flora Dalmatica2. — Leipzig.

  • Wagenitz, G., Hellwig, F., 1996: Evolution of characters and systematics of theCentaureinae. — InHind, D. J. N., Beentje, H. J., (Eds): Proceedings of the InternationalCompositae Conference, Kew, 1994,1, pp. 491–510. — Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, H., 1977:Cynareae — chemical review. — InHeywood, V. H., Harborne, J. B., Turner, B. L., (Eds): The biology and chemistry of theCompositae, pp. 1017–1038. — London, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Petit, D.P. Generic interrelationships of theCardueae (Compositae): A cladistic analysis of morphological data. Pl Syst Evol 207, 173–203 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984388

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984388

Key words

Navigation