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Dietary effects on thyroid hormones in the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

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Abstract

Juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were cultured at 25°C on a variety of diets and blood sampled over eight weeks to examine the relationship between growth and plasma thyroid hormone levels. Maximum growth rates were achieved on formulated experimental diets and a simulated natural shrimp diet. Associated with these maximal rates was a significant increase in triidothyronine (T3), but no consistent change in thyroxine (T4). Reduced rations of diets resulted in low growth rates associated with significantly lowered levels of T3 but not T4. To determine whether weight gain could be increased by application of exogeneous hormone, diets were supplemented with T3 or T4 at 2, 10, and 50 mg hormone/kg diet. Significantly elevated T3 was induced by supplementation with 10 and 50 mg T3/kg diet, although there were no indications of an anabolic effect of T3 incorporation, and 50 mg T3/kg diet was in fact associated with decreased weight gain. Incorporation of T4 into diets had no effect on growth or T3, and had effects on T4 which were small and inconsistent, indicating that T4 may not be effectively absorbed from the gut. No difference was found in response to hormone feeding between low (6 ppt) or high (35 ppt) water salinity. T3 levels thus appear to closely parallel growth in fish on unsupplemented diets, whereas T4 which were small and manipulation. Supplementation with T3 is not an effective means of stimulating growth in red drum fed optimum diets. Whereas thyroid hormones may function to regulate intermediary metabolism in red drum, elevated endogenous thyroid hormone levels appear adequate to supply tissue needs during juvenile growth in culture.

Résumé

Chez de jeunes corbes rouges (Sciaenops ocellatus), élevés à 25°C avec des régimes alimentaires variables, des prélèvements sanguins ont été effectués durant 8 semaines pour étudier les relations existantes entre la croissance et les niveaux des hormones thyroïdiennes. Les taux de croissance maximum sont obtenus grâce aux régimes artificiels et aux régimes simulant la consommation naturelle de crevettes. Parallèlement à ces taux de croissance élevés, on observe une augmentation des niveaux de T3, mais pas de modification nette des niveaux de T4. Une diminution de la ration alimentaire induit une diminution du taux de croissance associé à des niveaux plus faibles de T3, mais pas de T4. Pour vérifier si une augmentation de poids peut être obtenue grâce à une supplémentation hormonale, des additions de T3 et T4 à 2, 10 et 50 mg/kg d'aliment ont été effectuées. Une augmentation significative des niveaux plasmatiques de T3 est observée avec les régimes alimentaires contenant 10 et 50 mg T3/kg, cependant il n'y a pas d'effets anaboliques nets de la T3, et le régime contenant 50 mg T3/kg a été associé à une diminution du gain pondéral. Les régimes alimentaires contenant de la T4 n'a pas d'effet sur la croissance et sur les niveaux de T3 circulants, et présentent de faibles effets sur les niveaux de T4, ce qui indique que la T4 n'est pas absorbée efficacement par l'instestin. La salinité (6–35 ppm) ne modifie pas les réponses aux traitements hormonaux. Les niveaux de T3 sont étroitement liés à la croissance chez les animaux témoins, mais les niveaux de T4 demeurent insensibles aux variations des niveaux d'alimentation. La supplémentation en T3 n'est pas un moyen efficace pour stimuler la croissance du corbe rouge qui suit un régime alimentaire optimisé. Parce que les hormones thyroïdiennes réguleraient le métabolisme intermédiaire chez le corbe rouge, les niveaux endogènes élevés d'hormones thyroïdiennes apparaissent adéquats pour répondre aux besoins tissulaires durant la croissance des juvéniles en élevage.

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MacKenzie, D.S., Moon, H.Y., Gatlin, D.M. et al. Dietary effects on thyroid hormones in the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus . Fish Physiol Biochem 11, 329–335 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004582

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