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Population Structure and Life History Connectivity of Antarctic Silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) in the Southern Ocean Ecosystem

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The Antarctic Silverfish: a Keystone Species in a Changing Ecosystem

Part of the book series: Advances in Polar Ecology ((AVPE,volume 3))

Abstract

Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) are the most important pelagic forage fish on the Antarctic continental shelf. They have an exclusively pelagic life history, including cryopelagic eggs and early larvae. The discovery of extensive distributions of eggs and larvae under fast-ice inside Terra Nova Bay, and the revelation that the aggregates were stable between years, suggested dispersal over the continental shelf by older larvae and juveniles and a return as adults to spawning areas, consistent with observations from the Antarctic Peninsula of large-scale adult movement inshore. This life history hypothesis holds promise for understanding population structure in silverfish found around the Antarctic continental shelf. However, the hypothesis is challenged by inconsistencies concerning the distribution of spawning and feeding areas, a low-energy life strategy, and lack of phylogenetic diversification.

We review recent and past population and genetic studies in the context of published literature on the physical environment, including hydrography and a recent geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation. We suggest physical-biological interactions between glacial trough systems, circulation, and life history processes in shaping distributions of silverfish along and across the shelf. We discuss how these processes may result in a richly diverse population structure around the Antarctic and over time, and show how the synthesis can help account for (1) variability in spawning and feeding areas over succeeding glacial cycles, (2) connectivity without invoking active migration on large spatial scales, and (3) persistence over successive glacial cycles without further phylogenetic diversification. Based on this synthesis, we make predictions concerning population structuring and genetic signatures of paleo-climatic events, and suggest multi-disciplinary approaches to test these in future research.

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Acknowledgements

Cassandra Brooks made valuable comments on the draft, and provided Fig. 10.12 with Kim Goetz. We are indebted to Bettina Fach for Figs. 10.6, 10.7 and 10.8a; Andrea Piñones for Fig 10.8b; and Jason Ferguson for Fig. 10.10. Michael Dinniman made valuable suggestions during early development of the manuscript. Funding for JA and JT was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant no. 0741348). AS was also funded by the National Science Foundation through grant no. OPP-0838781.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA

    Julian Ashford

  2. Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, Padova, 35121, Italy

    Lorenzo Zane

  3. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 Seventh Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Joseph J. Torres

  4. Institute of Marine Sciences – National Research Council (ISMAR-CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, Ancona, 60125, Italy

    Mario La Mesa

  5. Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara, 1006 Webb Hall, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA

    Alexander R. Simms

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  1. Julian Ashford
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  2. Lorenzo Zane
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  3. Joseph J. Torres
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  4. Mario La Mesa
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  5. Alexander R. Simms
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Correspondence to Lorenzo Zane .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Genoa, Italy

    Marino Vacchi

  2. Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Eva Pisano

  3. Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Genoa, Italy

    Laura Ghigliotti

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Ashford, J., Zane, L., Torres, J.J., La Mesa, M., Simms, A.R. (2017). Population Structure and Life History Connectivity of Antarctic Silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) in the Southern Ocean Ecosystem. In: Vacchi, M., Pisano, E., Ghigliotti, L. (eds) The Antarctic Silverfish: a Keystone Species in a Changing Ecosystem. Advances in Polar Ecology, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55893-6_10

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