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Dexmedetomidine: The Science and Clinical Aspects in Adults and Children

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Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Target Controlled Infusions

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Abstract

The unique sedative properties of dexmedetomidine (DEX) have created new interest in the use of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists and have led to its evaluation in a variety of pediatric and adult procedures. DEX has been shown to offer a beneficial pharmacological profile, with sedation which parallels natural sleep, sympatholysis, and anesthetic-sparing effect without relevant respiratory depression. In addition, there is increasing evidence supporting its organ protective effects against ischemic and hypoxic injury. The side effects of DEX including biphasic, dose-dependent blood pressure response, and bradycardia are predictable from the pharmacological profile of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists. A comprehensive understanding of the pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic effects of DEX is critical to maximize its safe application in adults and children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Mohamed Mahmoud MD

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  1. Mohamed Mahmoud MD
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Correspondence to Mohamed Mahmoud MD .

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  1. Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Anthony R. Absalom

  2. Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Keira P. Mason

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Mahmoud, M. (2017). Dexmedetomidine: The Science and Clinical Aspects in Adults and Children. In: Absalom, A., Mason, K. (eds) Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Target Controlled Infusions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47609-4_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47609-4_13

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