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The Hydrothermal Minerals

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A Thermodynamic Approach to Water Geothermometry

Part of the book series: Springer Geochemistry ((SPRIGEO))

Abstract

Over 2200 chemical analyses of hydrothermal minerals collected at depth in different active geothermal systems were compiled and processed in this work. In agreement with the outcomes of previous studies, it turned out that hydrothermal quartz, calcite, adularia, albite, anorthite, and laumontite are virtually pure solid phases. Therefore, their activities can be assumed to be equal to one. In contrast, the other hydrothermal minerals of interest, i.e., white mica, chlorite, epidote, prehnite, wairakite, and garnet, are solid solutions of variable composition. Therefore, the activities of pertinent endmembers (i.e., muscovite, 7Å-clinochlore, clinozoisite, prehnite, wairakite, and grossular) were computed, under the assumption of random mixing of atoms on energetically equivalent sites. Then, following the approach delineated in Sect. 2.2.1, the Gibbs free energy and the thermodynamic equilibrium constant of the dissolution reaction of the solid solutions with average activity of these pertinent endmembers were computed. These log K values are points of reference more representative than the log K of the dissolution reactions of the corresponding pure minerals.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Following Arnórsson et al. (1983b), the term “compatible” is utilized to indicate the chemical components whose activity is limited by incorporation in the lattice of hydrothermal alteration minerals.

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  1. Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy

    Roberto Cioni

  2. Viareggio, Italy

    Luigi Marini

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Cioni, R., Marini, L. (2020). The Hydrothermal Minerals. In: A Thermodynamic Approach to Water Geothermometry. Springer Geochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54318-1_4

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