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PET and SPECT Imaging in Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

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PET and SPECT in Neurology

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian disorders can present with a variety of symptoms, and there is often a significant overlap between the different disorders. Diagnosis typically relies on clinical examination, especially at follow-up visits, which has limitations. Neuroimaging has played a major role in the elucidation of anatomical and functional abnormalities in different parkinsonian disorders. Various imaging techniques have been investigated for their potential to aid in diagnosis during routine clinical practice. In this chapter, we describe the use of functional imaging with PET and SPECT in the research of atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS), including multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. We focus on the utility of these imaging techniques to facilitate differential diagnosis and assess disease progression in patients with APS, especially in the early stages of disease.

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Abbreviations

11C-(R)-PK11195:

11C(R)-1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide

11C-DPA713:

(N,N-Diethyl-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]acetamide

11C-PBR28:

N-Acetyl-N-(2-[11C]methoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxy-5-pyridinamine

123I-IBF:

123I-Iodolisuride

123I-IBZM:

123I-Iodobenzamide

6-OHDA:

6-Hydroxydopamine

99mTc-ECD:

Technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer

ADRP:

Alzheimer’s disease-related pattern

APS:

Atypical parkinsonian syndromes

CBD:

Corticobasal degeneration

CBDRP:

Corticobasal degeneration-related pattern

CIT:

Carboxymethyoxy-3-β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

CVLT:

California Verbal Learning Test

DAT:

Dopamine transporter

DLB:

Dementia with Lewy bodies

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

FDG:

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose

FP:

Fluoropropyl

HVLT:

Hooper Verbal Learning Test

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

MIBG:

Meta-123I-iodobenzylguanidine

MR:

Magnetic resonance

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSA:

Multiple system atrophy

MSA-C:

Multiple system atrophy—cerebellar

MSA-P:

Multiple system atrophy—parkinsonian

MSARP:

Multiple system atrophy-related pattern

PAGF:

Pure akinesia with gait freezing

PBBS:

Peripheral benzodiazepine binding site

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PDCP:

Parkinson’s disease-related cognitive pattern

PDRP:

Parkinson’s disease-related motor pattern

PDTP:

Parkinson’s disease tremor-related pattern

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PPV:

Positive predictive value

PSP:

Progressive supranuclear palsy

PSPRP:

Progressive supranuclear palsy-related pattern

RVM:

Relevance vector machine analysis

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

TCS:

Transcranial sonography

TSPO:

Translocator protein 18 kDa

UPDRS:

Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Martin Niethammer, Yoon Young Choi, Chris C. Tang & David Eidelberg

  2. Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Martin Niethammer & David Eidelberg

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  1. Martin Niethammer
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  2. Yoon Young Choi
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  3. Chris C. Tang
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  4. David Eidelberg
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  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Computer Science, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Klaus L. Leenders

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Niethammer, M., Choi, Y.Y., Tang, C.C., Eidelberg, D. (2021). PET and SPECT Imaging in Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes. In: Dierckx, R.A.J.O., Otte, A., de Vries, E.F.J., van Waarde, A., Leenders, K.L. (eds) PET and SPECT in Neurology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53168-3_26

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