Skip to main content

LUTS Assessment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Adults

Abstract

LUTS assessment aims to pick up whether the presentation might indicate a serious underlying condition which needs a priority investigation to exclude malignancy, neurological disease or other cause. Uncomplicated LUTS need to be assessed with history and examination, supported by symptom assessment questionnaires, bladder diary and free flow rate testing. Urodynamics to assess storage (filling cystometry) and voiding (pressure flow studies) are used where conservative measures have proved insufficient and interventional therapy is being considered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gratzke C, Bachmann A, Descazeaud A, Drake MJ, Madersbacher S, Mamoulakis C, et al. EAU guidelines on the assessment of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms including benign prostatic obstruction. Eur Urol. 2015;67(6):1099–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wei DY, Drake MJ. Undiagnosed neurological disease as a potential cause of male lower urinary tract symptoms. Curr Opin Urol. 2016;26(1):11–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bright E, Cotterill N, Drake M, Abrams P. Developing and validating the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire bladder diary. Eur Urol. 2014;66(2):294–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Madsen PO, Iversen P. A point system for selecting operative candidates. In: Hinman F, Boyarsky S, editors. Benign prostatic hypertrophy. New York: Springer; 1983. p. 763–5.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Shaw C, Matthews RJ, Perry SI, et al. Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to measure the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life: the Leicester Impact Scale. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(3):229–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rodríguez LV, Blander DS, Dorey F, Raz S, Zimmern P. Discrepancy in patient and physician perception of patient’s quality of life related to urinary symptoms. Urology. 2003;62(1):49–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hansen BJ, Mortensen S, Mensink HJ, et al. Comparison of the Danish prostatic symptom score with the international prostatic symptom score, the Madsen-Iversen and Boyarsky symptom indexes. ALFECH Study Group. Br J Urol. 1998;81(1):36–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Castro Diaz D, Robinson D, Bosch R, et al. Patient-reported outcome assessment. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Wagg A, Wein A, editors. Incontinence, International Consultation on Incontinence, Tokyo, September 2016, vol. 2017. 6th ed. Bristol: International Continence Society; 2017. p. 541–99.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Deshpande PR, Rajan S, Sudeepthi BL, Abdul Nazir CP. Patient-reported outcomes: a new era in clinical research. Perspect Clin Res. 2011;2(4):137–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. FDA. Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bowling A. Measuring health: a review of quality of life measurement scales. 3rd ed. Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK; New York, NY: Open University Press; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Frost MH, Reeve BB, Liepa AM, Stauffer JW, Hays RD. What is sufficient evidence for the reliability and validity of patient-reported outcome measures? Value Health. 2007;10:S94–S105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Oppenheim AN. Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement. London: Bloomsbury Publishing; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Streiner DL, Norman GR, Cairney J. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Litwin MS. How to measure survey reliability and validity. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications; 1995.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. Hays RD, Anderson R, Revicki D. Psychometric considerations in evaluating health-related quality of life measures. Qual Life Res. 1993;2(6):441–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Stewart A. Psychometric considerations in functional status instruments. In: Lipkin M, editor. Functional status measurement in primary care. New York: Springer; 1990. p. 3–26.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Wynd CA, Schmidt B, Schaefer MA. Two quantitative approaches for estimating content validity. West J Nurs Res. 2003;25(5):508–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Patrick DL, Burke LB, Gwaltney CJ, et al. Content Validity—establishing and reporting the evidence in newly developed patient-reported outcomes (PRO) instruments for medical product evaluation: ISPOR PRO Good Research Practices Task Force Report: part 2—assessing respondent understanding. Value Health. 2011;14(8):978–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Patrick DL, Burke LB, Gwaltney CJ, et al. Content validity—establishing and reporting the evidence in newly developed patient-reported outcomes (PRO) Instruments for Medical Product Evaluation: ISPOR PRO Good Research Practices Task Force Report: part 1—eliciting concepts for a new PRO instrument. Value Health. 2011;14(8):967–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kelleher CJ, Pleil AM, Reese PR, Burgess SM, Brodish PH. How much is enough and who says so? BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;111(6):605–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, et al. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value Health. 2005;8(2):94–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Coyne K, Sexton C. Patient-reported outcomes: from development to utilization. In: Cardozo L, Staskin D, editors. Textbook of female urology and urogynecology, vol. 1. 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2017. p. 100–8.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Velikova G, Wright EP, Smith AB, et al. Automated collection of quality-of-life data: a comparison of paper and computer touch-screen questionnaires. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(3):998.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Bushnell DM, Reilly MC, Galani C, et al. Validation of electronic data capture of the irritable bowel syndrome—quality of life measure, the work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire for irritable bowel syndrome and the EuroQol. Value Health. 2006;9(2):98–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Aiello EJ, Taplin S, Reid R, et al. In a randomized controlled trial, patients preferred electronic data collection of breast cancer risk-factor information in a mammography setting. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59(1):77–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Juniper EF, Langlands JM, Juniper BA. Patients may respond differently to paper and electronic versions of the same questionnaires. Respir Med. 2009;103(6):932–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Basra R, Artibani W, Cardozo L, et al. Design and validation of a new screening instrument for lower urinary tract dysfunction: the bladder control self-assessment questionnaire (B-SAQ). Eur Urol. 2007;52(1):230–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Sahai A, Dowson C, Cortes E, et al. Validation of the bladder control self-assessment questionnaire (B-SAQ) in men: validation of the B-SAQ in men. BJU Int. 2014;113(5):783–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Meyhoff HH, Hald T, Nordling J, Andersen JT, Bilde T, Walter S. A new patient weighted symptom score system (DAN-PSS-1). Clinical assessment of indications and outcomes of transurethral prostatectomy for uncomplicated benign prostatic hyperplasia. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1993;27(4):493–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hansen BJ, Flyger H, Brasso K, et al. Validation of the self-administered Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS-1) system for use in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Urol. 1995;76(4):451–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Tibaek S, Dehlendorff C. Validity of the Danish Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire in stroke. Acta Neurol Scand. 2009;120(6):411–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Winge K, Nielsen KK. Bladder dysfunction in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(8):1279–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Flyger HL, Kallestrup EB, Mortensen SO. Validation of a computer version of the patient-administered Danish prostatic symptom score questionnaire. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2001;35(3):196–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Donovan JL, Abrams P, Peters TJ, et al. The ICS-‘BPH’ study: the psychometric validity and reliability of the ICSmale questionnaire. Br J Urol. 1996;77:554–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Donovan JL, Peters TJ, Abrams P, Brookes ST, De La Rosette J, Schäfer W. Scoring the short form ICSmaleSF questionnaire. J Urol. 2000;164(6):1948–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Abrams P, Avery K, Gardener N, Donovan J, ICIQ Advisory Board. The international consultation on incontinence modular questionnaire: www.iciq.net. J Urol. 2006;175(3 Pt 1):1063–6; discussion 1066.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Donovan JL, Brookes ST, de la Rosette JJ, et al. The responsiveness of the ICSmale questionnaire to outcome: evidence from the ICS-‘BPH’ study. BJU Int. 1999;83(3):243–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Uren AD, Cotterill N, Parke SE, Abrams P. Psychometric equivalence of electronic and telephone completion of the ICIQ modules. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017;36(5):1342–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Brookes ST, Donovan JL, Wright M, Jackson S, Abrams P. A scored form of the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire: data from a randomized controlled trial of surgery for women with stress incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(1):73–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Jackson S, Donovan J, Brookes S, Eckford S, Swithinbank L, Abrams P. The Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaire: development and psychometric testing. Br J Urol. 1996;77(6):805–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Swithinbank LV, Donovan JL, Rogers CA, Abrams P. Nocturnal incontinence in women: a hidden problem. J Urol. 2000;164(3 Pt 1):764–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Temml C, Haidinger G, Schmidbauer J, Schatzl G, Madersbacher S. Urinary incontinence in both sexes: prevalence rates and impact on quality of life and sexual life. Neurourol Urodyn. 2000;19(3):259–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Blaivas JG, Tsui JF, Mekel G, et al. Validation of the lower urinary tract symptom score. Can J Urol. 2015;22(5):7952–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Barry MJ, Fowler FJ, O’Leary MP, et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol. 1992;148(5):1549–57; discussion 1564.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Coyne KS, Barsdorf AI, Thompson C, et al. Moving towards a comprehensive assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(4):448–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Twiss C, Triaca V, Anger J, et al. Validating the incontinence symptom severity index: a self-assessment instrument for voiding symptom severity in women. J Urol. 2009;182(5):2384–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Blaivas JG, Panagopoulos G, Weiss JP, Somaroo C. Validation of the overactive bladder symptom score. J Urol. 2007;178(2):543–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kelleher CJ, Cardozo LD, Khullar V, Salvatore S. A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;104(12):1374–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Margolis MK, Vats V, Coyne KS, Kelleher C. Establishing the content validity of the King’s Health Questionnaire in men and women with overactive bladder in the US. Patient. 2011;4(3):177–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Reese PR, Pleil AM, Okano GJ, Kelleher CJ. Multinational study of reliability and validity of the King’s Health Questionnaire in patients with overactive bladder. Qual Life Res. 2003;12(4):427–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Uemura S, Homma Y. Reliability and validity of King’s Health Questionnaire in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder with urge incontinence in Japan. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(2):94–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Coyne K, Revicki D, Hunt T, et al. Psychometric validation of an overactive bladder symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire: the OAB-q. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(6):563–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Coyne KS, Gelhorn H, Thompson C, Kopp ZS, Guan Z. The psychometric validation of a 1-week recall period for the OAB-q. Int Urogynecol J. 2011;22(12):1555–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Abraham L, Hareendran A, Mills IW, et al. Development and validation of a quality-of-life measure for men with nocturia. Urology. 2004;63(3):481–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kelleher C, Staskin D, Cherian P, et al. Patient reported outcome assessment. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. Incontinence, 5th International Consultation on Incontinence. 5th ed. Plymouth: Health Publications; 2013. p. 398–429.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Uren AD, Cotterill N, Harding C, et al. Qualitative exploration of the patient experience of underactive bladder. Eur Urol. 2017;72(3):402–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Kopp Z, et al. Assessing patients’ descriptions of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and perspectives on treatment outcomes: results of qualitative research. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(9):1260–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Brandt BA, Angün Ç, Coyne KS, Doshi S, Bavendam T, Kopp ZS. LUTS patient reported outcomes tool: linguistic validation in 10 European languages. Neurourol Urodyn. 2013;32(1):75–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, et al. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21(2):167–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Bright E, Drake MJ, Abrams P. Urinary diaries: evidence for the development and validation of diary content, format, and duration. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011;30(3):348–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Bright E, Cotterill N, Drake M, Abrams P. Developing a validated urinary diary: phase 1. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(5):625–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Hashim H, Blanker MH, Drake MJ, Djurhuus JC, Meijlink J, Morris V, et al. International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019;38:499.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Abrams P, Klevmark B. Frequency volume charts: an indispensable part of lower urinary tract assessment. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1996;179:47–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Ozden E, Turgut AT, Gogus C, Kosar U, Baltaci S. Effect of premicturitional bladder volume on the accuracy of postvoid residual urine volume measurement by transabdominal ultrasonography: rate of bladder fullness is of great importance for preventing false-positive residue diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25(7):831–4; quiz 5-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Abrams PH, Dunn M, George N. Urodynamic findings in chronic retention of urine and their relevance to results of surgery. Br Med J. 1978;2(6147):1258–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Gallien P, Reymann JM, Amarenco G, Nicolas B, de Seze M, Bellissant E. Placebo controlled, randomised, double blind study of the effects of botulinum A toxin on detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(12):1670–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Sakakibara R, Hattori T, Yasuda K, Yamanishi T. Micturitional disturbance in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). J Auton Nerv Syst. 1996;60(3):200–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Oelke M, et al. EAU guidelines on the treatment and follow-up of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms including benign prostatic obstruction. Eur Urol. 2013;64:118–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Crawford ED, et al. Baseline factors as predictors of clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men treated with placebo. J Urol. 2006;175:1422–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Okotie OT, et al. Characteristics of prostate cancer detected by digital rectal examination only. Urology. 2007;70:1117–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Roehrborn CG, et al. Correlation between prostate size estimated by digital rectal examination and measured by transrectal ultrasound. Urology. 1997;49:548–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Bosch JL, Bohnen AM, Groeneveld FP. Validity of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the estimation of prostate volume in community-based men aged 50 to 78 years: the Krimpen Study. Eur Urol. 2004;46:753–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Roehrborn CG, Sech S, Montoya J, Rhodes T, Girman CJ. Interexaminer reliability and validity of a three-dimensional model to assess prostate volume by digital rectal examination. Urology. 2001;57:1087–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Yanoshak SJ, et al. Use of a prostate model to assist in training for digital rectal examination. Urology. 2000;55:690–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Roehrborn CG, Boyle P, Gould AL, Waldstreicher J. Serum prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of prostate volume in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 1999;53:581–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Watanabe H, Igari D, Tanahashi Y, Harada K, Saito M. Measurements of size and weight of prostate by means of transrectal ultrasonotomography. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1974;114:277–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Jepsen JV, Leverson G, Bruskewitz RC. Variability in urinary flow rate and prostate volume: an investigation using the placebo arm of a drug trial. J Urol. 1998;160:1689–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Lee F. Transrectal ultrasound: diagnosis and staging of prostatic carcinoma. Urology. 1989;33:5–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Stravodimos KG, et al. TRUS versus transabdominal ultrasound as a predictor of enucleated adenoma weight in patients with BPH: a tool for standard preoperative work-up? Int Urol Nephrol. 2009;41:767–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Chia SJ, Heng CT, Chan SP, Foo KT. Correlation of intravesical prostatic protrusion with bladder outlet obstruction. BJU Int. 2003;91:371–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Rahmouni A, et al. Accuracy of in-vivo assessment of prostatic volume by MRI and transrectal ultrasonography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1992;16:935–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Heidenreich A, et al. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent-update 2013. Eur Urol. 2014;65:124–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Milsom I, Kaplan SA, Coyne KS, et al. Effects of bothersome overactive bladder symptoms on health-related quality of life, anxiety, depression and treatment seeking in the United States: results from EpiLUTS. Urology. 2012;80(1):90–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Hutchison A, Farmer R, Verhamme K, et al. The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of LUTS/BPH, a study in 6 European countries. Eur Urol. 2007;51:207–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Hashim H, Abrams P. Transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic obstruction: will it remain the gold standard? Eur Urol. 2015;67:1097–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Chancellor MB, Blaivas JG, Kaplan SA, Axelrod S. Bladder outlet obstruction versus impaired detrusor contractility: the role of outflow. J Urol. 1991;145(4):810–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Nitti VW. Pressure flow urodynamic studies: the gold standard for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. Rev Urol. 2005;7(6):S14–21.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. The management of lower urinary tract symptoms in men: assessment and management. National Clinical Guideline Centre. 2010. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg97/evidence/cg97-lower-urinary-tract-symptoms-full-guideline3. Accessed 2 Aug 2015.

  90. Gravas S, Bach T, Bachmann A, et al. Guidelines on the management of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), incl. benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). European Association of Urology. 2015. http://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/EAU-Guidelines-Non-Neurogenic-Male-LUTS-Guidelines-2015-v2.pdf. Accessed 23 Aug 2015.

  91. Blok B, Pannek J, Castro Diaz D, et al Guideline on neuro-urology. European Association of Urology. 2015. http://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/EAU-Guidelines-Neuro-Urology-2015-v2.pdf Accessed 23 Aug 2015.

  92. Javlé P, Jenkins SA, Machin DG, Parsons KF. Grading of benign prostatic obstruction can predict the outcome of transurethral prostatectomy. J Urol. 1998;160(5):1713–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Van Venrooij GE, Van Melick HH, Eckhardt MD, Boon TA. Correlation of urodynamic changes with changes in symptoms and well-being after transurethral resection of the prostate. J Urol. 2002;168(2):605–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Seki N, Takei M, Yamaguchi A, Naito S. Analysis of prognostic factors regarding the outcome after a transurethral resection for symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25(5):428–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Tanaka Y, Masumori N, Itoh N, et al. Is the short-term outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate affected by preoperative degree of bladder outlet obstruction, status of detrusor contractility or detrusor overactivity? Int J Urol. 2006;13(11):1398–404.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Clement KD, Burden H, Warren K, et al. Invasive urodynamic studies for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with voiding dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(4):CD011179.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Yiou R, Audureau E, Loche CM, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of embarrassment and pain associated with invasive urodynamics. Neurourol Urodyn. 2015;34:156–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Frimodt-Møller PC, Jensen KM, Iversen P, et al. Analysis of presenting symptoms in prostatism. J Urol. 1984;132(2):272–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Masumori N, Furuya R, Tanaka Y, et al. The 12-year symptomatic outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction compared to the urodynamic findings before surgery. BJU Int. 2010;105(10):1429–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Grabe M, Bartoletti R, Bjerklund Johansen TE, et al. Guidelines on urological infections. European Association of Urology. 2015. http://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/EAU-Guidelines-Urological-Infections-v2.pdf. Accessed 24 Aug 2015.

  101. Abrams P. Urodynamics. London: Springer-Verlag; 1997.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  102. Van Waalwijk van Doorn ES, Ambergen AW, Janknegt RA. Detrusor activity index: qualification of detrusor overactivity by ambulatory monitoring. J Urol. 1997;157(2):596–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A. Incontinence. 5th ed. International Continence Society. 2013. http://www.ics.org/Publications/ICI_5/INCONTINENCE.pdf.

  104. Griffiths D, Höfner K, van Mastrigt R, et al. Standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function: pressure-flow studies of voiding, urethral resistance, and urethral obstruction. International Continence Society Subcommittee on Standardization of Terminology of Pressure-Flow Studies. Neurourol Urodyn. 1997;16(1):1–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Abrams P. Bladder outlet obstruction index, bladder contractility index and bladder voiding efficiency: three simple indices to define bladder voiding function. BJU Int. 1999;84:14–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Schäfer W, Abrams P, Liao L, et al. Good urodynamic practices: uroflowmetry, filling cystometry, and pressure flow studies. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21:261–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Hogan S, Gammie A, Abrams P. Urodynamic features and artefacts. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31:1104–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Reynard JM, Peters TJ, Lim C, Abrams P. The value of multiple free-flow studies in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Br J Urol. 1996;77(6):813–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Oelke M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive tests to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction in men: detrusor wall thickness, uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine, and prostate volume. Eur Urol. 2007;52(3):827–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Ozawa H, Kumon H, Yokoyama T, Watanabe T, Chancellor MB. Development of noninvasive velocity flow video urodynamics using Doppler sonography. Part II: clinical application in bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol. 1998;160(5):1792–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Ozawa H, Watanabe T, Uematsu K, Sasaki K, Inoue M, Kumon H. Use of Doppler ultrasound for non-invasive urodynamic diagnosis. Indian J Urol. 2009;25(1):110–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.45548.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Zhang P, Yang Y, Wu ZJ, Zhang CH, Zhang XD. Diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in men using a near-infrared spectroscopy instrument as the noninvasive monitor for bladder function. Urology. 2013;82(5):1098–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.06.019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Zhang X, et al. Application of perineal ultrasound measurement and urodynamic study in the diagnosis and typing of stress urinary incontinence ultrasound and urodynamic study. Urologia. 2013;80(3):233–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Kojima M, et al. Noninvasive quantitative estimation of infravesical obstruction using ultrasonic measurement of bladder weight. J Urol. 1997;157(2):476–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Bright E, et al. Ultrasound estimated bladder weight and measurement of bladder wall thickness–useful noninvasive methods for assessing the lower urinary tract? J Urol. 2010;184(5):1847–54.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Blatt AH, Titus J, Chan L. Ultrasound measurement of bladder wall thickness in the assessment of voiding dysfunction. J Urol. 2008;179(6):2275–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Shin SH, Kim JW, Kim JW, Oh MM, Moon d G. Defining the degree of intravesical prostatic protrusion in association with bladder outlet obstruction. Korean J Urol. 2013;54(6):369–72. https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2013.54.6.369.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  118. Keqin Z, Zhishun X, Jing Z, Haixin W, Dongqing Z, Benkang S. Clinical significance of intravesical prostatic protrusion in patients with benign prostatic enlargement. Urology. 2007;70(6):1096–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Griffiths CJ, et al. A nomogram to classify men with lower urinary tract symptoms using urine flow and noninvasive measurement of bladder pressure. J Urol. 2005;174(4 Pt 1):1323–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. McIntosh SL, et al. Noninvasive assessment of bladder contractility in men. J Urol. 2004;172(4 Pt 1):1394–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Malde S, et al. Systematic review of the performance of noninvasive tests in diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Eur Urol. 2017;71(3):391–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. van Mastrigt R, et al. Diagnostic power of the noninvasive condom catheter method in patients eligible for transurethral resection of the prostate. Neurourol Urodyn. 2014;33(4):408–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. D’Ancona CA, Bassani JW, Querne FA, Carvalho J, Oliveira RR, Netto NR Jr. New method for minimally invasive urodynamic assessment in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology. 2008;71(1):75–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2007.08.036.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Sullivan MP, Yalla SV. Penile urethral compression-release maneuver as a non-invasive screening test for diagnosing prostatic obstruction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2000;19(6):657–69.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Malde S, Nambiar AK, Umbach R, Lam TB, Bach T, Bachmann A, et al. Systematic review of the performance of noninvasive tests in diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Eur Urol. 2017;71(3):391–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. EQUATOR. Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research. 2019. http://www.equator-network.org/. Accessed 12 Apr 2019.

  127. Bump RC, Fantl JA, Hurt WG. The mechanism of urinary continence in women with severe uterovaginal prolapse: results of barrier studies. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72(3 Pt 1):291–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Veronikis DK, Nichols DH, Wakamatsu MM. The incidence of low-pressure urethra as a function of prolapse-reducing technique in patients with massive pelvic organ prolapse (maximum descent at all vaginal sites). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177(6):1305–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Kapoor DS, Housami F, White P, Swithinbank L, Drake M. Maximum urethral closure pressure in women: normative data and evaluation as a diagnostic test. Int Urogynecol J. 2012;23(11):1613–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Kapoor DS, et al. Reoperation rate for traditional anterior vaginal repair: analysis of 207 cases with a median 4-year follow-up. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(1):27–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Romanzi LJ, Chaikin DC, Blaivas JG. The effect of genital prolapse on voiding. J Urol. 1999;161(2):581–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Basu M, et al. Clinicians’ views on the NICE guideline on the management of female urinary incontinence. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;29(6):529–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Nguyen JK, Bhatia NN. Resolution of motor urge incontinence after surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse. J Urol. 2001;166(6):2263–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Digesu GA, et al. Do overactive bladder symptoms improve after repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007;18(12):1439–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Foster RT Sr, et al. A prospective assessment of overactive bladder symptoms in a cohort of elderly women who underwent transvaginal surgery for advanced pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(1):82 e1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Brubaker L. Controversies and uncertainties: abdominal versus vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(3):690–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. de Boer TA, Salvatore S, Cardozo L, Chapple C, Kelleher C, van Kerrebroeck P, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse and overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):30–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Lose G, Griffiths D, Hosker G, Kulseng-Hanssen S, Perucchini D, Schäfer W, Thind P, Versi E, Standardization Sub-Committee, International Continence Society. Standardisation of urethral pressure measurement: report from the Standardisation Sub-Committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21(3):258–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Brown M, Wickham JEA. The urethral pressure profile. Br J Urol. 1969;41:211–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Gammie A, Bosch R, Djurhuus J, Goping I, Kirschner-Hermanns R. Do we need better methods of assessing urethral function: ICI-RS 2013? Neurourol Urodyn. 2014;33:587.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. DeLancey JO, et al. Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(2 Pt 1):295–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Fang Q, Song B, Li W, Lu G, Jin X, Zhang X, Fan R. Role of UPP in evaluating bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic enlargement. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(6):842–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Zehnder P, Roth B, Burkhard FC, Kessler TM. Air charged and microtip catheters cannot be used interchangeably for urethral pressure measurement: a prospective, single-blind, randomized trial. J Urol. 2008;180(3):1013–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. ICI, the International Consultation on Incontinence. www.icud.info; 2016.

  145. Couri B. Performance analysis of the T-DOC® air-charged catheters: an alternate technology for urodynamics. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37:619. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.23342.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Swinn MJ, Fowler CJ. Isolated urinary retention in young women, or Fowler’s syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2001;11(5):309–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Abrams PH, Martin S, Griffiths DJ. The measurement and interpretation of urethral pressures obtained by the method of Brown and Wickham. Br J Urol. 1978;50(1):33–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Anding R. When should video be added to conventional urodynamics in adults and is it justified by the evidence? ICI-RS. Neurourol Urodyn. 2014;35:324–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Wyndaele M, Rosier P. Basics of videourodynamics for adult patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(S6):S61–S6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Webb RJ, Griffiths CJ, Ramsden PD, Neal DE. Ambulatory monitoring of bladder pressure in low compliance neurogenic bladder dysfunction. J Urol. 1992;148(5):1477–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Pannek J, Pieper P. Clinical usefulness of ambulatory urodynamics in the diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2008;42(5):428–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365590802299056.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcus Drake .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bray, A. et al. (2020). LUTS Assessment. In: Drake, M., Cocci, A., Pereira e Silva, R. (eds) Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Adults. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27747-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27747-5_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27745-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-27747-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics