Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Overview of the Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (LUTD)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Urologic Principles and Practice

Part of the book series: Springer Specialist Surgery Series ((SPECIALIST))

Abstract

Lower urinary tract symptoms are classified in storage symptoms, voiding symptoms, and post-micturition symptoms. Evaluation of lower urinary tract dysfunction aims at: identifying the symptoms and related bother, assessing related pelvic floor dysfunction, and suspecting underlying causes. Primary evaluation in current clinical practice include identification of each symptom according to the current terminology, other urological symptoms, as well as bowel function and sexual function. Bother and impact on quality of life are also evaluated, usually through standardized, validated questionnaires. Clinical examination of the pelvis is mandatory, and complementary evaluation by bladder diary, pad test, uroflowmetry is often proposed, depending on the clinical picture. Indications for further investigations (blood tests, imaging, urodynamics, endoscopy) are guided by the initial clinical assessment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Martin SA, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with uncomplicated storage and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms in community-dwelling Australian men. World J Urol. 2011;29:179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU), Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS): An International Consultation on Male LUTS. C. Chapple & P. Abrams, editors. 2013. http://www.siuurology.org/themes/web/assets/files/ICUD/pdf/Male%20Lower%20Urinary%20Tract%20Symptoms%20(LUTS).pdf.

  3. Abrams P, et al. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. NeurourolUrodyn. 2002;21:167.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gravas S, et al. EAU guidelines on management of non-neurogenic male LUTS, including benign prostatic obstruction. https://uroweb.org/guideline/treatment-of-non-neurogenic-male-luts/. Accessed Mar 2019.

  5. Abouarzouk O. Blandy’s urology. Wiley, 2019. https://books.google.fr/books?id=obWIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=bladder+pressure+40cm+water+ureter&source=bl&ots=CE4vUyd4nr&sig=ACfU3U2Zn2iyvmZQgzQXanfTpxOvqTJo3Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN5d66-8ThAhUKORQKHbhkCjsQ6AEwCXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=bladder%20pressure%2040cm%20water%20ureter&f=false. Accessed March 2019.

  6. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Wagg A, Wein A. Incontinence. 6th ed. ICI-ICS. International Continence Society, Bristol UK; 2017. ISBN: 978-0956960733.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Irwin DE, et al. Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. Eur Urol. 2006;50(6):1306–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Abrams P, et al. Urinary urgency: a review of its assessment as the key symptom of the overactive bladder syndrome. World J Urol. 2012;30(3):385–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yap TL, et al. A systematic review of the reliability of frequency-volume charts in urological research and its implications for the optimum chart duration. BJU Int. 2007;99:9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Marshall SD, et al. Nocturia: current levels of evidence and recommendations from the international consultation on Male lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology. 2015;85(6):1291–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Cornu JN, et al. A contemporary assessment of nocturia: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2012 Nov;62(5):877–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Foster HE, et al. Surgical Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2018;200(3):612–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Reynard JM, et al. The ICS-’BPH’ study: uroflowmetry, lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction. Br J Urol. 1998;82(5):619–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rule AD, et al. Longitudinal changes in post-void residual and voided volume among community dwelling men. J Urol. 2005;174:1317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Nitti VW. Pressure flow urodynamic studies: the gold standard for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. Rev Urol. 2005;7:S14–21.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Griffiths CJ, et al. Noninvasive measurement of bladder pressure by controlled inflation of a penile cuff. J Urol. 2002;167:1344–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ko KJ, et al. Diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction using the penile cuff test in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. NeurourolUrodyn. 2017;36(7):1884–9.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bosch J, et al. Etiology, patient assessment and predicting outcome from therapy. International Consultation on Urological Diseases Male LUTS Guideline; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rogers G, et al. Sexual function in women with/without urinary incontinence and or pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2001;12(6):361–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Weissfeld JL, et al. Quality control of cancer screening examination procedures in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) Cancer screening trial. Control Clin Trials. 2000;390s:21.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Homma Y, et al. Symptom assessment tool for overactive bladder syndrome--overactive bladder symptom score. Urology. 2006;68:318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Epstein RS, et al. Validation of a new quality of life questionnaire for benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:1431.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Barry MJ, et al. The American urological association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol. 1992;148:1549.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Haab F, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of bladder and urethral dysfunction symptoms: development and psychometric validation of the urinary symptom profile (USP) questionnaire. Urology. 2008;71(4):646–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Welk B, et al. The conceptualization and development of a patient-reported neurogenic bladder symptom score. Res Rep Urol. 2013;5:129.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. D’Silva KA, et al. Does this man with lower urinary tract symptoms have bladder outlet obstruction?: the rational clinical examination: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312:535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Roehrborn CG, et al. Serum prostate specific antigen is a strong predictor of future prostate growth in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. PROSCAR long-term efficacy and safety study. J Urol. 2000;163:13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Roehrborn CG, et al. Serum prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume predict long-term changes in symptoms and flow rate: results of a four-year, randomized trial comparing finasteride versus placebo. PLESS Study Group. Urology. 1999;54:662.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Djavan B, et al. Longitudinal study of men with mild symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction treated with watchful waiting for four years. Urology. 2004;64:1144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Grossfeld GD, et al. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical overview and value of diagnostic imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 2000;38:31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Woodfield CA, et al. Imaging pelvic floor disorders: trend toward comprehensive MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194:1640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Abrams P. Bladder outlet obstruction index, bladder contractility index and bladder voiding efficiency: three simple indices to define bladder voiding function. BJU Int. 1999;84:14–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Nitti VW, et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms in young men: videourodynamic findings and correlation with noninvasive measures. J Urol. 2002;168:135–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Bacsu CD, et al. Diagnosing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in the neurological patient. BJU Int. 2012;109(Suppl 3):31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France

    Annabelle Auble & Jean-Nicolas Cornu

Authors
  1. Annabelle Auble
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jean-Nicolas Cornu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-Nicolas Cornu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation, Sheffield, UK

    Christopher R. Chapple

  2. Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    William D. Steers

  3. Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Christopher P. Evans

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Auble, A., Cornu, JN. (2020). Overview of the Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (LUTD). In: Chapple, C., Steers, W., Evans, C. (eds) Urologic Principles and Practice. Springer Specialist Surgery Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28599-9_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28599-9_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28598-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28599-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation