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Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Soil and Associated Desorption-Based Measurements

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Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil and Sediment

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 100))

Abstract

Many publications on contaminant bioavailability in soils often state that the use of total contaminant concentrations in risk assessment is an overly conservative approach. Such conservatism makes traditional risk assessment approaches and contaminated land decision-making expensive. The risk-based approach to contaminated land management strives to identify and manage the potential risks of significant harm being caused to humans and ecological receptors, following exposure to contaminated land. Risk-based approaches are more cost-effective than the traditional approaches from the perspective of contaminated land management. Contaminant bioavailability or bioaccessibility is one of the critical concepts that underpins risk-based approaches to contaminated land management. Bioavailability describes the fraction of the total contaminant concentration that desorbs from soil and is immediately available to cause harm to a living organism, after passing through the organism’s membrane. Bioaccessibility describes what is available and potentially available under natural environmental conditions and during realistic timeframes. The reliable measurements of either contaminant bioavailability or bioaccessibility is therefore critical; in this regard, a thorough understanding of contaminant sequestration and desorption behaviour is required. This chapter discusses the fate of HOCs in soils, bioavailability and bioaccessibility of organic contaminants and their associated desorption-based measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

    Anthony C. Umeh & Ravi Naidu

  2. Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia

    Anthony C. Umeh & Ravi Naidu

  3. Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

    Olugbenga J. Owojori

  4. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

    Olugbenga J. Owojori

  5. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK

    Kirk T. Semple

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  1. Anthony C. Umeh
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  3. Olugbenga J. Owojori
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  4. Kirk T. Semple
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  1. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y AgrobiobiologÚa de Sevilla, CSIC, Seville, Spain

    Jose Julio Ortega-Calvo

  2. Institute for Biodiversity & Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    John Robert Parsons

Appendix

Appendix

Table 4 Variations in the gastrointestinal compartmental conditions and design in different bioaccessibility models
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Table 5 Variations in the gastrointestinal compartmental fluid compositions in different bioaccessibility models
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Table 6 Variations in Initial PAH concentrations (∑PAH), particle size and bioaccessibility estimates from different bioaccessibility models
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Table 7 Variations in extraction and analytical techniques in different in vitro bioaccessibility studies
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Umeh, A.C., Naidu, R., Owojori, O.J., Semple, K.T. (2020). Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Soil and Associated Desorption-Based Measurements. In: Ortega-Calvo, J.J., Parsons, J.R. (eds) Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil and Sediment. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 100. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_521

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